{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T19:11:42Z","timestamp":1778699502442,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,29]],"date-time":"2019-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Irrigation is one of the most water-intensive agricultural activities in the world, which has been increasing over time. Choosing an optimal irrigation management plan depends on having available data in the monitoring field. A smart agriculture system gathers data from several sources; however, the data are not guaranteed to be free of discrepant values (i.e., outliers), which can damage the precision of irrigation management. Furthermore, data from different sources must fit into the same temporal window required for irrigation management and the data preprocessing must be dynamic and automatic to benefit users of the irrigation management plan. In this paper, we propose the Smart&amp;Green framework to offer services for smart irrigation, such as data monitoring, preprocessing, fusion, synchronization, storage, and irrigation management enriched by the prediction of soil moisture. Outlier removal techniques allow for more precise irrigation management. For fields without soil moisture sensors, the prediction model estimates the matric potential using weather, crop, and irrigation information. We apply the predicted matric potential approach to the Van Genutchen model to determine the moisture used in an irrigation management scheme. We can save, on average, between 56.4% and 90% of the irrigation water needed by applying the Zscore, MZscore and Chauvenet outlier removal techniques to the predicted data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20010190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]],"date-time":"2019-12-30T05:49:41Z","timestamp":1577684981000},"page":"190","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Smart &amp; Green: An Internet-of-Things Framework for Smart Irrigation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7294-8875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nidia","family":"G. S. Campos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Redes de Computadores, Engenharia de Software e Sistemas (GREat), Departamento de Engenharia de Teleinform\u00e1tica, Centro de Tecnologia, Campus do Pici, Avenida Mister Hull, s\/n, Bloco 942-A, Fortaleza 60.455-760, CE, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Telematica, Instituto Federal do Ceara, Campus Fortaleza, Avenida Treze de Maio, 2081, Benfica, Fortaleza 60.040-531, CE, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3069-132X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atslands R.","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Redes de Computadores, Engenharia de Software e Sistemas (GREat), Departamento de Engenharia de Teleinform\u00e1tica, Centro de Tecnologia, Campus do Pici, Avenida Mister Hull, s\/n, Bloco 942-A, Fortaleza 60.455-760, CE, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7887-1832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rubens","family":"Gondim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Agroindustria Tropical, Rua Dra. Sara Mesquita, 2270, Planalto do Pici, Fortaleza 60511-110, CE, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7686-9827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ticiana L.","family":"Coelho da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto UFC Virtual, Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1, Av. Humberto Monte, s\/n, bloco 901, 1\u00b0 andar. CEP, Fortaleza 60.440-554, CE, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8285-4629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielo G.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Redes de Computadores, Engenharia de Software e Sistemas (GREat), Departamento de Engenharia de Teleinform\u00e1tica, Centro de Tecnologia, Campus do Pici, Avenida Mister Hull, s\/n, Bloco 942-A, Fortaleza 60.455-760, CE, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAO (2014). 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