{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T09:20:45Z","timestamp":1768036845890,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]],"date-time":"2019-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1827652"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1827652"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of compressible soft robotic sensors (C-SRS) in determining plantar pressure to infer vertical and shear forces in wearable technology: A ground reaction pressure sock (GRPS). To assess pressure relationships between C-SRS, pressure cells on a BodiTrakTM Vector Plate, and KistlerTM Force Plates, thirteen volunteers performed three repetitions of three different movements: squats, shifting center-of-pressure right to left foot, and shifting toes to heels with C-SRS in both anterior\u2013posterior (A\/P) and medial\u2013lateral (M\/L) sensor orientations. Pearson correlation coefficient of C-SRS to BodiTrakTM Vector Plate resulted in an average R-value greater than 0.70 in 618\/780 (79%) of sensor to cell comparisons. An average R-value greater than 0.90 was seen in C-SRS comparison to KistlerTM Force Plates during shifting right to left. An autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) was conducted to identify and estimate future C-SRS data. No significant differences were seen in sensor orientation. Sensors in the A\/P orientation reported a mean R2 value of 0.952 and 0.945 in the M\/L sensor orientation, reducing the effectiveness to infer shear forces. Given the high R values, the use of C-SRSs to infer normal pressures appears to make the development of the GRPS feasible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20010208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T03:28:53Z","timestamp":1578022133000},"page":"208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Closing the Wearable Gap\u2014Part V: Development of a Pressure-Sensitive Sock Utilizing Soft Sensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3892-0123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tony","family":"Luczak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial &amp; Systems Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2944-1945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reuben F.","family":"Burch V","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial &amp; Systems Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA"}]},{"given":"Brian K.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial &amp; Systems Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0707-9252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel W.","family":"Carruth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Lamberth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA"}]},{"given":"Harish","family":"Chander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6348-0468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6774-4851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.E.","family":"Ball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical &amp; Computer Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6073-4802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.K.","family":"Prabhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural &amp; Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luczak, T., Saucier, D., Burch, V., Ball, J., Chander, H., Knight, A., Wei, P., and Iftekhar, T. 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