{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:54:53Z","timestamp":1760241293276,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Disconnect switch and circuit breakers operations in gas insulated switchgear (GIS) systems may produce very fast transient overvoltage (VFTO). Detecting VFTO is the first step for researchers to reduce the damage to other equipment of the substation caused by VFTO. Most of the existing sensors used for VFTO are generally bulky, complex to install, and require modification of the GIS structure. In this paper, a miniaturized measurement system that uses capacitive voltage divider and differentiating\u2013integrating circuit is proposed. A special sensor structure and optimized differentiating\u2013integrating circuit components arrangement were designed to increase the bandwidth of the measurement system. The frequency-domain, time-domain and voltage divide calibration experiment was performed, and a comparison experiment with an internal VFTO sensor was conducted. The measurement system was applied in the 500 kV GIS substation, and the VFTO measurement under specific conditions was carried out. The measured time domain and frequency domain waveforms conformed to the definition of standard VFTO according to IEC 60,071. It was found that the proposed measurement system meets VFTO measurement requirements and can be applied to actual VFTO measurements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20010244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T07:40:55Z","timestamp":1577778055000},"page":"244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Research and Experiments on an External Miniaturized VFTO Measurement System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Lizhe","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650504, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenbin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650504, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electric Power Research Institute, Yunnan Power Grid Co., Ltd., Kunming 650217, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiren","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650504, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiqi","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650504, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunguang","family":"Suo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650504, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1109\/61.19208","article-title":"Very fast transients in GIS","volume":"4","author":"Meppelink","year":"1989","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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