{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T02:10:22Z","timestamp":1775787022044,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The development of a simple and low cost electrochemical impedance immunosensor based on screen printed gold electrode for rapid detection of Escherichia coli in water is reported. The immunosensor is fabricated by immobilizing anti-E. coli antibodies onto a gold surface in a covalent way by the photochemical immobilization technique, a simple procedure able to bind antibodies upright onto gold surfaces. Impedance spectra are recorded in 0.01 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) containing 10 mM Fe(CN)63\u2212\/Fe(CN)64\u2212 as redox probe. The Nyquist plots can be modelled with a modified Randles circuit, identifying the charge transfer resistance Rct as the relevant parameter after the immobilization of antibodies, the blocking with BSA and the binding of E. coli. The introduction of a standard amplification procedure leads to a significant enhancement of the impedance increase, which allows one to measure E. coli in drinking water with a limit of detection of 3 \u00d7 101 CFU mL\u22121 while preserving the rapidity of the method that requires only 1 h to provide a \u201cyes\/no\u201d response. Additionally, by applying the Langmuir adsorption model, we are able to describe the change of Rct in terms of the \u201ceffective\u201d electrode, which is modified by the detection of the analyte whose microscopic conducting properties can be quantified.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20010274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T11:55:07Z","timestamp":1578052507000},"page":"274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Screen Printed Based Impedimetric Immunosensor for Rapid Detection of Escherichia coli in Drinking Water"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Martina","family":"Cimafonte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics \u201cEttore Pancini\u201d, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, Via Cinthia, 26, 80126 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8646-5073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Fulgione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute, 2, 80055 Portici Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Agriculture, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, Via Universit\u00e0, 133, 80055 Portici Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Gaglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, Via Cinthia, 26, 80126 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8170-5517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Papaianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, Via Universit\u00e0, 133, 80055 Portici Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosanna","family":"Capparelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, Via Universit\u00e0, 133, 80055 Portici Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Arciello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, Via Cinthia, 26, 80126 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Bolletti Censi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cosvitech Societ\u00e0 Consortile a Responsabilit\u00e0 Limitata, 80142 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4672-6793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgia","family":"Borriello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute, 2, 80055 Portici Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1077-8353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaele","family":"Velotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics \u201cEttore Pancini\u201d, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, Via Cinthia, 26, 80126 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bartolomeo","family":"Della Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.4081\/mr.2013.e2","article-title":"Escherichia coli as an indicator of bacteriological quality of water: An overview","volume":"4","author":"Odonkor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microbiol. 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