{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T16:29:03Z","timestamp":1778603343704,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]],"date-time":"2020-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Project STIC-AMSUD 19-STIC-08 and UDLA Telecommunications Engineering Degree.","award":["19-STIC-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-STIC-08"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper proposes two solutions based on angle diversity receivers (ADRs) to mitigate inter-cell interference (ICI) in underground mining visible light communication (VLC) systems, one of them is a novel approach. A realistic VLC system based on two underground mining scenarios, termed as mining roadway and mine working face, is developed and modeled. A channel model based on the direct component in line-of-sight (LoS) and reflections of non-line-of-sight (NLoS) links is considered, as well as thermal and shot noises. The design and mathematical models of a pyramid distribution and a new hemi-dodecahedral distribution are addressed in detail. The performances of these approaches, accompanied by signal combining schemes, are evaluated with the baseline of a single photo-diode in reception. Results show that the minimum lighting standards established in both scenarios are met. As expected, the root-mean-square delay spread decreases as the distance between the transmitters and receivers increases. Furthermore, the hemi-dodecahedron ADR in conjunction with the maximum ratio combining (MRC) scheme, presents the best performance in the evaluated VLC system, with a maximum user data rate of 250 Mbps in mining roadway and 120 Mbps in mine working face, received energy per bit\/noise power of 32 dB and 23 dB, respectively, when the bit error rate corresponds to     10  \u2212 4     , and finally, values of 120 dB in mining roadway and 118 dB in mine working face for signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio are observed in a cumulative distribution function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20020367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]],"date-time":"2020-01-09T03:07:11Z","timestamp":1578539231000},"page":"367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Interference Mitigation for Visible Light Communications in Underground Mines Using Angle Diversity Receivers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3958-503X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Palacios J\u00e1tiva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370451, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milton","family":"Rom\u00e1n Ca\u00f1izares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telecommunications Engineerings, Universidad de las Am\u00e9ricas, Quito 170503, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3461-4484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cesar A.","family":"Azurdia-Meza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370451, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5692-5673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Zabala-Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing and Industries, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6391-6863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Dehghan Firoozabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electricity, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica Metropolitana, Av. Jose Pedro Alessandri 1242, Santiago 7800002, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6567-8988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Seguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170124, Chile"},{"name":"CRAN, CNRS UMR 7039, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, BP 70239 Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1622-3180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Montejo-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa Institucional de Fomento a la I+D+i, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica Metropolitana, Santiago 8330378, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ismael","family":"Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170124, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mardonova, M., and Choi, Y. 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