{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T14:15:48Z","timestamp":1773843348980,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,12]],"date-time":"2020-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009886","name":"Regione Puglia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T2ZQAU1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2ZQAU1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009886","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, two fully-textile wearable devices, to be used as chipless identification tags in identification and tracking applications are presented. For the fabrication of the fully-textile tags, a layer of fleece was used as a substrate, while an adhesive non-woven conductive fabric was employed for the conductive parts. To allow radio-frequency identification of these chipless tags, two alternative techniques were used. One relies on associating a binary code with the resonance frequency of resonant devices: the presence\/absence of the resonance peaks in the transmission scattering parameter,      |   S 21   |     , of a set of resonators is used to encode a string of bits. The second technique for accomplishing radio-frequency identification of the chipless tags resorts to a frequency-shift coding technique, which is implemented by modifying the configuration of a hairpin resonator. The obtained numerical and experimental results confirm the suitability of the proposed strategies for obtaining entirely-textile, wearable chipless tags for identification and tracking purposes, which can be particularly useful, especially in the industrial sector. In this field, in fact, the proposed solutions would guarantee a seamless integration with clothes and would facilitate the user\u2019s interaction with the IoT infrastructure. In this regard, one of the envisaged application scenarios related to the tracking of hides in the leather industry is also presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20020429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,13]],"date-time":"2020-01-13T04:05:51Z","timestamp":1578888351000},"page":"429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Fully-Textile, Wearable Chipless Tags for Identification and Tracking Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4178-2160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Corchia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering for Innovation, Complesso Ecotekne-Corpo O, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0595-2310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Monti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering for Innovation, Complesso Ecotekne-Corpo O, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2792-2131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Egidio","family":"De Benedetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9031-7690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Cataldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering for Innovation, Complesso Ecotekne-Corpo O, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6932-6891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leopoldo","family":"Angrisani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5192-5922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pasquale","family":"Arpaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4154-1148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciano","family":"Tarricone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering for Innovation, Complesso Ecotekne-Corpo O, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Younan, M., Houssein, E.H., Elhoseny, M., and Ali, A.A. (2019). Challenges and recommended technologies for the industrial internet of things: A comprehensive review. Measurement, 107198.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2019.107198"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2018.07.017","article-title":"Internet of Things (IoT): A review of enabling technologies, challenges, and open research issues","volume":"144","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jovanov, E. (2019). Wearables Meet IoT: Synergistic Personal Area Networks (SPANs). Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19194295"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2014.2300753","article-title":"Internet of things in industries: A survey","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2018.12.008","article-title":"Internet of Things applications: A systematic review","volume":"148","author":"Asghari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2018.07.067","article-title":"Internet of Things-enabled smart cities: State-of-the-art and future trends","volume":"129","author":"Alavi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Caram\u00e9s, T., and Fraga-Lamas, P. (2018). Towards the internet-of-smart-clothing: A review on IoT wearables and garments for creating intelligent connected E-textiles. Electronics, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics7120405"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monti, G., Corchia, L., and Tarricone, L. (2015, January 12\u201314). Textile logo antennas. Proceedings of the Mediterranean Microwave Symposium, Marrakech, Morocco.","DOI":"10.1109\/MMS.2014.7088965"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monti, G., Corchia, L., De Benedetto, E., and Tarricone, L. (2016). A wearable wireless energy link for thin-film batteries charging. Int. J. Antennas Propag., 2016.","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9365756"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maiolo, L., Maita, F., Castiello, A., Minotti, A., and Pecora, A. (2017, January 21\u201323). Highly wearable wireless wristband for monitoring pilot cardiac activity and muscle fine movements. Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for AeroSpace, MetroAeroSpace 2017, Padua, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/MetroAeroSpace.2017.7999578"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corchia, L., Monti, G., and Tarricone, L. (2018). Durability of wearable antennas based on nonwoven conductive fabrics: Experimental study on resistance to washing and ironing. Int. J. Antennas Propag., 2018.","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2340293"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2019.107194","article-title":"Protocol to assess the quality of transmission lines within smart textile structures","volume":"152","author":"Atakan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Commission, E. (2020, January 11). Smart Wearables Reflection and Orientation Paper. Available online: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/digital-single-market\/en\/news\/european-commission-seeks-input-reflection-and-orientation-paper-smart-wearables."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monti, G., Corchia, L., and Tarricone, L. (2014, January 6\u20139). Logo antenna on textile materials. Proceedings of the European Microwave Week 2014: Connecting the Future, EuMW 2014\u2014Conference Proceedings; EuMC 2014: 44th European Microwave Conference, Rome, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/EuMC.2014.6986484"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1109\/MAP.2019.2895665","article-title":"Wearable Antennas: Nontextile Versus Fully Textile Solutions","volume":"61","author":"Corchia","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corchia, L., Monti, G., and Tarricone, L. (2019). A frequency signature RFID chipless tag for wearable applications. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19030494"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3750","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2017.2705127","article-title":"Optically Invisible Antenna Integrated Within an OLED Touch Display Panel for IoT Applications","volume":"65","author":"Hong","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salmer\u00f3n, J., Albrecht, A., Kaffah, S., Becherer, M., Lugli, P., and Rivadeneyra, A. (2018). Wireless chipless system for humidity sensing. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18072275"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corchia, L., De Benedetto, E., Monti, G., Cataldo, A., Angrisani, L., Arpaia, P., and Tarricone, L. (2019, January 4\u20136). Radio-frequency Identification Based on Textile, Wearable, Chipless Tags for IoT Applications. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Industry 4.0 and IoT, MetroInd 4.0 and IoT 2019, Naples, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/METROI4.2019.8792919"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2014.02.031","article-title":"Multi-channel simultaneous data acquisition through a compressive sampling-based approach","volume":"52","author":"Angrisani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Angrisani, L., Bonavolont\u00e0, F., Moriello, R., Andreone, A., Casini, R., Papari, G., and Accardo, D. (2014, January 29\u201330). First steps towards an innovative compressive sampling based-THz imaging system for early crack detection on aereospace plates. Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Aerospace, MetroAeroSpace 2014, Benevento, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/MetroAeroSpace.2014.6865974"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Angrisani, L., Bonavolont\u00e0, F., Tocchi, A., and Moriello, R. (2015, January 12\u201313). Frequency domain measurement node based on compressive sampling for sensors networks. Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE International Workshop on Measurements and Networking, M and N 2015, Coimbra, Portugal.","DOI":"10.1109\/IWMN.2015.7322972"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2017.10.030","article-title":"On the measurement uncertainties of THz imaging systems based on compressive sampling","volume":"116","author":"Angrisani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vena, A., Moradi, E., Koski, K., Babar, A., Sydanheimo, L., Ukkonen, L., and Tentzeris, M. (May, January 30). Design and realization of stretchable sewn chipless RFID tags and sensors for wearable applications. Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE International Conference on RFID, RFID 2013, Penang, Malaysia.","DOI":"10.1109\/RFID.2013.6548152"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andriamiharivolamena, T., Vena, A., Perret, E., Lemaitre-Auger, P., and Tedjini, S. (2014, January 8\u20139). Chipless identification applied to human body. Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE RFID Technology and Applications Conference, RFID-TA 2014, Tampere, Finland.","DOI":"10.1109\/RFID-TA.2014.6934236"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3012341","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3012341","article-title":"Wearable antennas for remote health care monitoring systems","volume":"2017","author":"Corchia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"(2019, December 17). ADFORS Saint-Gobain. Available online: http:\/\/www.sgadfors.com\/Technologies\/Fabrics\/Glassmat accessed on."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corchia, L., Monti, G., and Tarricone, L. (2018, January 1\u20133). A Fully-Textile Chipless Tag. Proceedings of the 2018 48th European Microwave Conference, EuMC 2018, Madrid, Spain.","DOI":"10.23919\/EuMC.2018.8541420"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2009.2017323","article-title":"Multiresonator-Based Chipless RFID System for Low-Cost Item Tracking","volume":"57","author":"Preradovic","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haraz, O.M., Ashraf, M., Alshebili, S., AlShareef, M.R., and Behairy, H.M. (2016, January 10\u201313). Design of UWB chipless RFID tags using 8-bit open circuit stub resonators. Proceedings of the 2016 17th International Symposium on Antenna Technology and Applied Electromagnetics (ANTEM), Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada.","DOI":"10.1109\/ANTEM.2016.7550145"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., and Yang, X. (2018, January 25\u201326). Chipless radio frequency identification tag design with modified interdigital hairpin resonators. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Transportation, Big Data and Smart City, ICITBS 2018, Xiamen, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICITBS.2018.00168"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2913","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2012.2203927","article-title":"Design of compact and auto-compensated single-layer chipless RFID tag","volume":"60","author":"Vena","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3563","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-016-8489-4","article-title":"Innovative method for traceability of hides throughout the leather manufacturing process","volume":"86","author":"Cataldo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/2\/429\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:19:33Z","timestamp":1760361573000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/2\/429"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,12]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["s20020429"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s20020429","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,12]]}}}