{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T16:31:19Z","timestamp":1778603479431,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]],"date-time":"2020-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Smart Breath Analyzers were developed as sensing terminals of a telemedicine architecture devoted to remote monitoring of patients suffering from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and home-assisted by non-invasive mechanical ventilation via respiratory face mask. The devices based on different sensors (CO2\/O2 and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), relative humidity and temperature (R.H. &amp; T) sensors) monitor the breath air exhaled into the expiratory line of the bi-tube patient breathing circuit during a noninvasive ventilo-therapy session; the sensor raw signals are transmitted pseudonymized to National Health Service units by TCP\/IP communication through a cloud remote platform. The work is a proof-of-concept of a sensors-based IoT system with the perspective to check continuously the effectiveness of therapy and\/or any state of exacerbation of the disease requiring healthcare. Lab tests in controlled experimental conditions by a gas-mixing bench towards CO2\/O2 concentrations and exhaled breath collected in a sampling bag were carried out to test the realized prototypes. The Smart Breath Analyzers were also tested in real conditions both on a healthy volunteer subject and a COPD suffering patient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20030653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]],"date-time":"2020-01-24T11:01:00Z","timestamp":1579863660000},"page":"653","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["A Low-Cost Breath Analyzer Module in Domiciliary Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation for Remote COPD Patient Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7305-5614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio Vincenzo","family":"Radogna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, National Research Council (CNR-IMM), Campus Ecotekne, Str. Prov. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}]},{"given":"Pietro Aleardo","family":"Siciliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, National Research Council (CNR-IMM), Campus Ecotekne, Str. Prov. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5337-2356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saverio","family":"Sabina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR-IFC), Campus Ecotekne, Str. Prov. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}]},{"given":"Eugenio","family":"Sabato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cA. Perrino\u201d Hospital, Pulmonology Ward, 72100 Brindisi, Italy"},{"name":"Institute for Research on Population and Social Policies, (CNR-IRPPS), 72100 Brindisi, Italy"}]},{"given":"Simonetta","family":"Capone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, National Research Council (CNR-IMM), Campus Ecotekne, Str. Prov. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3s","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00038503","article-title":"Respiratory failure","volume":"22","author":"Roussos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. 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