{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:43:49Z","timestamp":1760402629725,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]],"date-time":"2020-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We have developed a device, the Rehapiano, for the fast and quantitative assessment of action tremor. It uses strain gauges to measure force exerted by individual fingers. This article verifies the device\u2019s capability to measure and monitor the development of upper limb tremor. The Rehapiano uses a precision, 24-bit, analog-to-digital converter and an Arduino microcomputer to transfer raw data via a USB interface to a computer for processing, database storage, and evaluation. First, our experiments validated the device by measuring simulated tremors with known frequencies. Second, we created a measurement protocol, which we used to measure and compare healthy patients and patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Finally, we evaluated the repeatability of a quantitative assessment. We verified our hypothesis that the Rehapiano is able to detect force changes, and our experimental results confirmed that our system is capable of measuring action tremor. The Rehapiano is also sensitive enough to enable the quantification of Parkinsonian tremors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20030663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]],"date-time":"2020-01-24T11:01:00Z","timestamp":1579863660000},"page":"663","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Rehapiano\u2014Detecting, Measuring, and Analyzing Action Tremor Using Strain Gauges"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9648-5799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norbert","family":"Feren\u010d\u00edk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cybernetics and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University of Ko\u0161ice, Letn\u00e1 9, 07602 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}]},{"given":"Miroslav","family":"Ja\u0161\u010dur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cybernetics and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University of Ko\u0161ice, Letn\u00e1 9, 07602 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1319-1243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Bundzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cybernetics and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University of Ko\u0161ice, Letn\u00e1 9, 07602 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7432-5033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Cavallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant\u2019Anna, 560 25 Pisa, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30295-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of Parkinson\u2019s disease, 1990\u20132016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"17","author":"Dorsey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2015-312283","article-title":"Parkinson disease male-to-female ratios increase with age: French nationwide study and meta-analysis","volume":"87","author":"Moisan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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