{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T04:45:49Z","timestamp":1767847549808,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,28]],"date-time":"2020-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/20445-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/20445-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Code 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Code 001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Code 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Code 001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work presents an optical fiber dynamic light scattering sensor capable of simultaneously assessing concentration and flow speed of nanofluids. Silica nanoparticles (189 nm) in water were tested, yielding a sensitivity of 0.78288 \u00d7 10\u00b3 s\u22121 for static conditions. Then, the sensor was submitted to situations that simulate spatial concentration changes, offering better results than those obtained by traditional mathematical models. Finally, in flow tests, the light backscattered by the nanoparticles were collected by a fiber probe placed parallel to the streamline, whereas intensity values were processed by artificial neural networks. The sensor provides average errors of 0.09 wt% and 0.26 cm\/s for concentration and speed measurements, respectively, and can be further applied to assess different types of nanofluids and inline processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20030707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,28]],"date-time":"2020-01-28T09:37:09Z","timestamp":1580204229000},"page":"707","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluation of Silica Nanofluids in Static and Dynamic Conditions by an Optical Fiber Sensor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5219-5124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"C\u00e9sar Prado Soares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Photonic Materials and Devices, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas, S\u00e3o Paulo 13083-860, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7808-1811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matheus","family":"Santos Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Photonic Materials and Devices, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas, S\u00e3o Paulo 13083-860, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Egont","family":"Alexandre Schenkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Photonic Materials and Devices, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas, S\u00e3o Paulo 13083-860, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Perli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Photonic Materials and Devices, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas, S\u00e3o Paulo 13083-860, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Willian","family":"Hideak Arita Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Photonic Materials and Devices, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas, S\u00e3o Paulo 13083-860, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matheus","family":"Kau\u00ea Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Photonic Materials and Devices, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas, S\u00e3o Paulo 13083-860, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8169-9738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Photonic Materials and Devices, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas, S\u00e3o Paulo 13083-860, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Kenichi Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Photonic Materials and Devices, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas, S\u00e3o Paulo 13083-860, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2009.07.025","article-title":"A review on development of nanofluid preparation and characterization","volume":"196","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-007-9347-y","article-title":"Application of SAXS to the study of particle-size-dependent thermal conductivity in silica nanofluids","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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