{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T00:39:44Z","timestamp":1771029584550,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,30]],"date-time":"2020-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agence Nationale pour la Recherche, FLAG-IR project","award":["ANR-18-CE08-0004-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-18-CE08-0004-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Femtosecond (fs) laser written fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are excellent candidates for ultra-high temperature (&gt;800 \u00b0C) monitoring. More specifically, Type II modifications in silicate glass fibers, characterized by the formation of self-organized birefringent nanostructures, are known to exhibit remarkable thermal stability around 1000 \u00b0C for several hours. However, to date there is no clear understanding on how both laser writing parameters and glass composition impact the overall thermal stability of these fiber-based sensors. In this context, this work investigates thermal stability of Type II modifications in various conventional glass systems (including pure silica glasses with various Cl and OH contents, GeO2-SiO2 binary glasses, TiO2- and B2O3-doped commercial glasses) and with varying laser parameters (writing speed, pulse energy). In order to monitor thermal stability, isochronal annealing experiments (\u0394t\u2053 30 min, \u0394T\u2053 50 \u00b0C) up to 1400 \u00b0C were performed on the irradiated samples, along with quantitative retardance measurements. Among the findings to highlight, it was established that ppm levels of Cl and OH can drastically reduce thermal stability (by about 200 \u00b0C in this study). Moreover, GeO2 doping up to 17 mole% only has a limited impact on thermal stability. Finally, the relationships between glass viscosity, dopants\/impurities, and thermal stability, are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20030762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T03:18:48Z","timestamp":1580872728000},"page":"762","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Thermal Stability of Type II Modifications by IR Femtosecond Laser in Silica-based Glasses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Shu-En","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Photonics and Optical Communications Group, School of Electrical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia"}]},{"given":"Yitao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Chimie Mol\u00e9culaire et des Mat\u00e9riaux d\u2019Orsay, Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France"}]},{"given":"Heng","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Chimie Mol\u00e9culaire et des Mat\u00e9riaux d\u2019Orsay, Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1341-6294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxime","family":"Cavillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Chimie Mol\u00e9culaire et des Mat\u00e9riaux d\u2019Orsay, Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7944-1367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bertrand","family":"Poumellec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Chimie Mol\u00e9culaire et des Mat\u00e9riaux d\u2019Orsay, Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France"}]},{"given":"Gang-Ding","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Photonics and Optical Communications Group, School of Electrical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia"}]},{"given":"Matthieu","family":"Lancry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Chimie Mol\u00e9culaire et des Mat\u00e9riaux d\u2019Orsay, Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.02.032","article-title":"Mapping the thermal distribution within a silica preform tube using regenerated fibre Bragg gratings","volume":"55","author":"Canning","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. 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