{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T01:45:29Z","timestamp":1779932729949,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]],"date-time":"2020-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Hainan Province","award":["No. ZDYF2019011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. ZDYF2019011"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 61701144, No. 61861015, No. 61961013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 61701144, No. 61861015, No. 61961013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Program of Hainan Association for Science and Technology Plans to Youth R&amp;D Innovation","award":["No. QCXM201706"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. QCXM201706"]}]},{"name":"the scientific research projects of University in Hainan Province","award":["No. Hnky2018ZD-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. Hnky2018ZD-4"]}]},{"name":"Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Pro-gram by CAST","award":["No. 2018QNRC001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2018QNRC001"]}]},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Fund of Tianjin University and Hainan University","award":["No. HDTDU201906"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. HDTDU201906"]}]},{"name":"and the Graduate Innovation Research Project of Hainan Province","award":["No. Hys2019-25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. Hys2019-25"]}]},{"name":"the Scientific Research Setup Fund of Hainan University","award":["No. KYQD (ZR) 1731"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. KYQD (ZR) 1731"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A novel unitary estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) algorithm, for the joint direction of arrival (DOA) and range estimation in a monostatic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar with a frequency diverse array (FDA), is proposed. Firstly, by utilizing the property of Centro-Hermitian of the received data, the extended real-valued data is constructed to improve estimation accuracy and reduce computational complexity via unitary transformation. Then, to avoid the coupling between the angle and range in the transmitting array steering vector, the DOA is estimated by using the rotation invariance of the receiving subarrays. Thereafter, an automatic pairing method is applied to estimate the range of the target. Since phase ambiguity is caused by the phase periodicity of the transmitting array steering vector, a removal method of phase ambiguity is proposed. Finally, the expression of Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao Bound (CRB) is derived and the computational complexity of the proposed algorithm is compared with the ESPRIT algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by simulation results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20030827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T03:18:48Z","timestamp":1580872728000},"page":"827","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["A Novel Unitary ESPRIT Algorithm for Monostatic FDA-MIMO Radar"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Feilong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea and School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianpeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea and School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengxing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea and School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangtian","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Ubiquitous Network and Service Software of Liaoning Province, School of Software, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116620, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0982-9136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huafei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea and School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2577-6257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Bliss, D.W., and Forsythe, K.W. 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