{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T12:45:22Z","timestamp":1780490722010,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, we present conductometric gas sensors based on p-type calcium iron oxide (CaFe2O4) nanoparticles. CaFe2O4 is a metal oxide (MOx) with a bandgap around 1.9 eV making it a suitable candidate for visible light-activated gas sensors. Our gas sensors were tested under a reducing gas (i.e., ethanol) by illuminating them with different light-emitting diode (LED) wavelengths (i.e., 465\u2013640 nm). Regardless of their inferior response compared to the thermally activated counterparts, the developed sensors have shown their ability to detect ethanol down to 100 ppm in a reversible way and solely with the energy provided by an LED. The highest response was reached using a blue LED (465 nm) activation. Despite some responses found even in dark conditions, it was demonstrated that upon illumination the recovery after the ethanol exposure was improved, showing that the energy provided by the LEDs is sufficient to activate the desorption process between the ethanol and the CaFe2O4 surface.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20030850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]],"date-time":"2020-02-06T02:59:18Z","timestamp":1580957958000},"page":"850","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Visible Light-Driven p-Type Semiconductor Gas Sensors Based on CaFe2O4 Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5136-0071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qomaruddin","family":"Qomaruddin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MIND-IN2UB, Department of Electronic and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Semiconductor Technology (IHT) and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany"},{"name":"Research Center for Physics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Tangerang Selatan 15314, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9389-4108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Casals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIND-IN2UB, Department of Electronic and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5739-0164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andris","family":"\u0160utka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory of Functional Materials Technologies, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, 1048 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0540-9505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tony","family":"Granz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Semiconductor Technology (IHT) and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Waag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Semiconductor Technology (IHT) and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4522-3625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hutomo Suryo","family":"Wasisto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Semiconductor Technology (IHT) and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7055-5499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joan","family":"Daniel Prades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIND-IN2UB, Department of Electronic and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"F\u00e0brega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIND-IN2UB, Department of Electronic and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2003.11.012","article-title":"Development of high sensitivity ethanol gas sensors based on Pt-doped SnO2 surfaces","volume":"99","author":"Ivanov","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sens. 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