{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T15:00:11Z","timestamp":1784905211774,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]],"date-time":"2020-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003819","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018CFC865"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018CFC865"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003819","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multi-under-actuated unmanned surface vehicles (USV) path tracking control is studied and decoupled by virtue of decentralized control. First, an improved integral line-of-sight guidance strategy is put forward and combined with feedback control to design the path tracking controller and realize the single USV path tracking in the horizontal plane. Second, graph theory is utilized to design the decentralized velocity coordination controller for USV formation, so that multiple USVs could consistently realize the specified formation to the position and velocity of the expected path. Third, cascade system theory and Lyapunov stability are used to respectively prove the uniform semi-global exponential stability of single USV path tracking control system and the global asymptotic stability and uniform local exponential stability of coordinated formation system. At last, simulation and field experiment are conducted to analyze and verify the advancement and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms in this paper.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20030864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]],"date-time":"2020-02-07T03:13:27Z","timestamp":1581045207000},"page":"864","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Multi-under-Actuated Unmanned Surface Vessel Coordinated Path Tracking"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Zefang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Weaponry Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Weaponry Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianqiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Weaponry Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"194","article-title":"A Review and Prospect of USV Research","volume":"55","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Shipbuild. 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