{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T18:48:37Z","timestamp":1780339717198,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]],"date-time":"2020-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","award":["31601560"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31601560"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A non-invasive real-time detection technique for phthalates in Chinese liquor is proposed in this paper. This method is based on the measurement of Faradaic impedance in the presence of a redox probe, [Fe(CN)6]3\u2212\/4\u2212, upon the absorption of phthalates to the graphene electrode surface. This absorption activity is according to the \u03c0\u2013\u03c0 stacking interactions between phthalates and the graphene working electrode which allows direct sampling and analyte preconcentration. The absorption of phthalates retards the interfacial electron-transfer kinetics and increases the charge-transfer resistance (Rct). Numerical values of Rct were extracted from a simulation of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) spectra with the corresponding equivalent circuit. Cathodic polarization was employed prior to EIS measurements to effectively eliminate the metal ion interference. The results yielded a detection limit of 0.024 ng\/L for diethyl phthalate (DEP) with a linear range from 2.22 ng to 1.11 \u00b5g. These results indicate a possibility of developing a household sensor for phthalate determination in Chinese liquor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20030901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]],"date-time":"2020-02-07T11:50:28Z","timestamp":1581076228000},"page":"901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Enrichment-Free Rapid Detection of Phthalates in Chinese Liquor with Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Bioengineering and Food Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, Hubei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqun","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Bioengineering and Food Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, Hubei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duanji","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, Hubei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuping","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, Hubei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"Application and Hazard of Phthalic Acid Ester Plasticizer","volume":"40","author":"Gong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Shandong Chem. 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