{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T23:09:25Z","timestamp":1769555365895,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and ICT","award":["NRF-2017R1A5A1015596"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2017R1A5A1015596"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to reconstruct a 12-lead electrocardiograph (ECG) with a universal transformation coefficient and find the appropriate electrode position and shape for designing a patch-type ECG sensor. A 35-channel ECG monitoring system was developed, and 14 subjects were recruited for the experiment. A feedforward neural network with one hidden layer was applied to train the transformation coefficient. Three electrode shapes (5 cm \u00d7 5 cm square, 10 cm \u00d7 10 cm square, and right-angled triangle) were considered for the patch-type ECG sensor. The mean correlation coefficient (CC) and minimum CC methods were applied to evaluate the reconstruction performance. The average CCs between the standard 12-lead ECG and reconstructed 12-lead ECG were 0.860, 0.893, and 0.893 for a 5 cm \u00d7 5 cm square, 10 cm \u00d7 10 cm square, and right-angled triangle shape. The right-angled triangle showed the highest performance among the considered shapes. The results also suggested that the bottom of the central area of the chest was the most suitable position for attaching the patch-type ECG sensor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20040963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T11:45:30Z","timestamp":1581421530000},"page":"963","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Optimal Lead Position in Patch-Type Monitoring Sensors for Reconstructing 12-Lead ECG Signals with Universal Transformation Coefficient"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6960-9127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongseok","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea"}]},{"given":"Hyunbin","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea"}]},{"given":"Hongji","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mobile Communication Business, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16677, Korea"}]},{"given":"Chulhun","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea"}]},{"given":"Kwangsuk","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malmivuo, J., and Plonsey, R. 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