{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:44:19Z","timestamp":1760237059123,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]],"date-time":"2020-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CERNET Innovation Project","award":["No. NGII20180406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. NGII20180406"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010026","name":"Beijing Higher Education Young Elite Teacher Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. YETP0683"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. YETP0683"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Beijing Higher Education Teacher Project","award":["No. 00001149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 00001149"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The trustworthiness of data is vital data analysis in the age of big data. In cyber-physical systems, most data is collected by sensors. With the increase of sensors as Internet of Things (IoT) nodes in the network, the security risk of data tampering, unauthorized access, false identify, and others are overgrowing because of vulnerable nodes, which leads to the great economic and social loss. This paper proposes a security scheme, Securing Nodes in IoT Perception Layer (SNPL), for protecting nodes in the perception layer. The SNPL is constructed by novel lightweight algorithms to ensure security and satisfy performance requirements, as well as safety technologies to provide security isolation for sensitive operations. A series of experiments with different types and numbers of nodes are presented. Experimental results and performance analysis show that SNPL is efficient and effective at protecting IoT from faulty or malicious nodes. Some potential practical application scenarios are also discussed to motivate the implementation of the proposed scheme in the real world.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20041090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]],"date-time":"2020-02-20T03:20:03Z","timestamp":1582168803000},"page":"1090","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["SNPL: One Scheme of Securing Nodes in IoT Perception Layer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yongkai","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computer Science and Cybersecurity, Communication University of China, Beijing 100024, China"},{"name":"Tus College of Digit, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0107-4055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guanqun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1381-4364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuan-Ching","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4879-0211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6109-6091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gang","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fanglue","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8076","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2920987","article-title":"Blockchain for Internet of Things: A Survey","volume":"6","author":"Dai","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2019.06.047","article-title":"A Double PUF-based RFID Identity Authentication Protocol in Service-Centric Internet of Things Environments","volume":"503","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inf. 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