{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T14:23:17Z","timestamp":1778595797651,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]],"date-time":"2020-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N7P89U5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N7P89U5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The milling industry envisions solutions to become fully compatible with the industry 4.0 technology where sensors interconnect devices, machines and processes. In this contest, the work presents an integrated solution merging a deeper understanding and control of the process due to real-time data collection by MicroNIR sensors (VIAVI, Santa Rosa, CA)\u2014directly from the manufacturing process\u2014and data analysis by Chemometrics. To the aim the sensors were positioned at wheat cleaning and at the flour blends phase and near infrared spectra (951\u20131608 nm) were collected online. Regression models were developed merging the spectra information with the results obtained by reference analyses, i.e., chemical composition and rheological properties of dough by Farinograph\u00ae (Brabender GmbH and Co., Duisburg, Germany), Alveograph\u00ae (Chopin, NG Villeneuve-la-Garenne Cedex, France) and Extensograph\u00ae.(Brabender GmbH and Co., Duisburg, Germany) The model performance was tested by an external dataset obtaining, for most of the parameters, RPRED higher than 0.80 and Root Mean Squares Errors in prediction lower than two-fold the value of the reference method errors. The real-time implementation resulted in optimal (100% of samples) or really good (99.9%\u201380% of samples) prediction ability. The proposed work succeeded in the implementation of a process analytical approach with Industrial Internet of Things near infrared (IIoT NIR) devices for the prediction of relevant grain and flour characteristics of common wheat at the industrial level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20041147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]],"date-time":"2020-02-20T03:20:03Z","timestamp":1582168803000},"page":"1147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Electric Drive Supervisor for Milling Process 4.0 Automation: A Process Analytical Approach with IIoT NIR Devices for Common Wheat"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2102-9713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Grassi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9483-7754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Marti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Cascella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GEM ICT Research &amp; Development, Via Robert Schuman n.14, 70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Casalino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molino Casillo S.p.A., Via Sant\u2019Elia Z.I., 70033 Corato, Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe Leonardo","family":"Cascella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Idea75 s.r.l., Via Brigata e Divisione Bari n.122, 70123 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcs.2016.03.017","article-title":"Empirical rheology and pasting properties of soft-textured durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) and hard-textured common wheat (T. aestivum)","volume":"69","author":"Quayson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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