{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:44:52Z","timestamp":1760237092775,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]],"date-time":"2020-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tombolo is a narrow belt connecting the mainland with an island lying near the shore. It is formed as a result of sand and gravel being deposited by sea currents. In consequence, the seabed constantly rises and the shoreline moves towards the sea. This paper deals with accuracy analysis of the undertaken tombolo effect investigation, namely estimation of uncertainty of the measurement results. The aforementioned analysis concerns two methods used for creating a 3D beach model: Firstly, based on geodetic laser scanning (TLS\u2014terrestrial laser scanning) and secondly, using images from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). The presented exemplary estimation of uncertainty of the measurement of coordinates X-Y-Z is based on the Polish case study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20041167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]],"date-time":"2020-02-21T10:49:16Z","timestamp":1582282156000},"page":"1167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Accuracy Analysis of Measuring X-Y-Z Coordinates with Regard to the Investigation of the Tombolo Effect"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4224-528X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romuald","family":"Masnicki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Gdynia Maritime University; Morska 81\u201387, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5631-6969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cezary","family":"Specht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Navigation, Gdynia Maritime University. Morska 81\u201387, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5359-0433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janusz","family":"Mindykowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Gdynia Maritime University; Morska 81\u201387, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6177-0493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"D\u0105browski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Navigation, Gdynia Maritime University. Morska 81\u201387, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6026-306X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariusz","family":"Specht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Navigation, Gdynia Maritime University. Morska 81\u201387, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Specht, C., Mindykowski, J., Dabrowski, P., Masnicki, R., Marchel, L., and Specht, M. (2019, January 3\u20135). Metrological aspects of the Tombolo effect investigation\u2013Polish case study. Proceedings of the 2019 IMEKO TC-19 International Workshop on Metrology for the Sea, Genoa, Itlay."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Mohamed, A.S. (1997). 2D and 1D Numerical Model Simulations for the Effect of a Single Detached Breakwater on the Shore. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Delft University of Technology Publishing House]."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"IO PAN (2019, June 09). Wykonanie badan i prac modelowych dna i brzegu morskiego w okolicy mola w Sopocie. 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