{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T12:34:48Z","timestamp":1761395688833,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2016YFD0700101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFD0700101"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61775079, 61627823, 61960206004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61775079, 61627823, 61960206004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province, China","award":["20180201046GX, 20190101016JH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20180201046GX, 20190101016JH"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>By contrast with the widely reported traditional two mirror-based Herriott cell, a three mirror-based dense pattern gas cell was proposed, of which the modeling and design were proven to be effective through a comparison between the simulated spot pattern and effective path length and those of the experimental results. A mechanical structure was designed to adjust the position\/angle of the three mirrors for aligning the optical path. The experimentally measured reflection number was 60, resulting in an optical path length of ~11 m, which agrees well with the theoretical value of 10.95 m. Combined with a near-infrared laser with a center wavenumber located at an acetylene (C2H2) absorption line of 6521.2 cm\u22121, a C2H2 sensor system was established to verify the feasibility of the three mirror-based gas cell. Assisted by a data acquisition (DAQ) card, a LabVIEW platform was developed to generate the drive signal of the laser and acquire the second harmonic (2f) signal from the output of the detector. Through Allan variance analysis, the limit of detection (LoD) of the sensor system is 4.36 ppm at an average time of 0.5 s; as the average time exceeds 10 s, the LoD is &lt;1 ppm. The proposed model and design of the three mirror-based gas cell can be used to realize similar gas cells with different absorption path lengths for gas detection based on infrared absorption spectroscopy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20051266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]],"date-time":"2020-02-27T03:21:16Z","timestamp":1582773676000},"page":"1266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Near-Infrared Tunable Laser Absorption Spectroscopic Acetylene Sensor System Using a Novel Three Mirror-Based, Dense Pattern Gas Cell"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Guoqiang","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhuo","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junbo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuantao","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiding","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2245-7565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank K.","family":"Tittel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1039\/C8AN02164C","article-title":"A near-infrared C2H2\/CH4 dual-gas sensor system combining off-axis integrated-cavity output spectroscopy and frequency-division-multiplexing-based wavelength modulation spectroscopy","volume":"144","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2017.05.062","article-title":"Measurements of new absorption lines of acetylene at 1.53 \u03bcm using a tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer","volume":"186","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14961","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13823-0","article-title":"Tracing acetylene dissolved in transformer oil by tunable diode laser absorption spectrum","volume":"7","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2019.06.034","article-title":"Ammonia gas sensors: A comprehensive review","volume":"204","author":"Kwak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.110048","article-title":"A new simple electrochemical method for the determination of bisphenol a using bentonite as modifier","volume":"105","author":"Alves","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2019.03.025","article-title":"Simultaneous multi-gas detection between 3 and 4 \u03bcm based on a 2.5-m multipass cell and a tunable fabry-perot filter detector","volume":"216","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2019.05.023","article-title":"Simultaneous detection of atmospheric CO and CH4 based on TDLAS using a single 2.3 \u03bcm DFB laser","volume":"222","author":"Shao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, B., Lu, H.F., Chen, C., Chen, L., Lian, H.Q., Dai, T.X., and Chen, Y. (2019). Near-infrared C2H2 detection system based on single optical path time division multiplexing differential modulation technique and multi-reflection chamber. Appl. Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/app9132637"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"065110","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5095797","article-title":"Development of a compact tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy based system for continuous measurements of dissolved carbon dioxide in seawater","volume":"90","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6801708","DOI":"10.1109\/JPHOT.2019.2916800","article-title":"A DFB-LD internal temperature fluctuation analysis in a TDLAS system for gas detection","volume":"11","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics J."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12137","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.27.012137","article-title":"Wavelength modulation spectroscopy by employing the first harmonic phase angle method","volume":"27","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29330","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.26.029330","article-title":"High-speed multi-pass tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer based on frequency-modulation spectroscopy","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485107","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6463\/ab3c30","article-title":"Simultaneous measurement of CH4 concentration and temperature distributions in a semiconductor process chamber","volume":"52","author":"Hayashi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Phys. D Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.44.001108","article-title":"Calculation model of dense spot pattern multi-pass cells based on a spherical mirror aberration","volume":"44","author":"Cui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2019.126637","article-title":"Highly sensitive dual-wavelength fiber ring laser sensor for the low concentration gas detection","volume":"296","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sens. Actuator B Chem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7415","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2916978","article-title":"Methane optical sensing system with polarization rotation gas cell","volume":"19","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"189","article-title":"A novel design of mutipass herriott type cell","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Sin. Quantum Opt."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.3788\/GXJS20144004.0345","article-title":"Study and design of a kind of multi-pass white cell","volume":"40","author":"Mu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Opt. Tech."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12091","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.26.012081","article-title":"Double-range near-infrared acetylene detection using a dual spot-ring herriott cell (DSR-HC)","volume":"26","author":"Dong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"(2019, January 09). Available online: http:\/\/www.spectraplot.com\/absorption."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00692448","article-title":"Second-harmonic detection with tunable diode lasers-comparison of experiment and theory","volume":"26","author":"Reid","year":"1981","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. B"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/5\/1266\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:01:50Z","timestamp":1760173310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/5\/1266"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["s20051266"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s20051266","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]]}}}