{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T13:17:17Z","timestamp":1780492637545,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]],"date-time":"2020-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007120","name":"King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KREF026201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KREF026201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007120","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents the quadrature sinusoidal oscillators for a phase sensitive detection (PSD) system. The proposed oscillators are design by using the commercially available ICs (LT1228). The core oscillator consists of three LT1228s: two grounded capacitors and one resistor. By adding four resistors without the requirement of additional active devices, the amplitudes of two quadrature waveforms become adjustable. The quadrature output nodes are of low impedance, which can be connected to the impedance sensor or other circuits in a phase sensitive detection system without the need of buffer devices. The amplitudes of the quadrature waveform are equal during the frequency of oscillation (FO) tuning. The frequency of oscillation is electronically and linearly controlled by bias current or voltage without affecting the condition of oscillation (CO). Furthermore, the condition of oscillation is electronically controlled without affecting the frequency of oscillation. The performances of the proposed oscillators are experimentally tested with \u00b15 voltage power supplies. The frequency of the proposed sinusoidal oscillator can be tuned from 8.21 kHz to 1117.51 kHz. The relative frequency error is lower than 3.12% and the relative phase error is lower than 2.96%. The total harmonic distortion is lower than \u221238 dB (1.259%). The voltage gain of the quadrature waveforms can be tuned from 1.97 to 15.92. The measurement results demonstrate that the proposed oscillators work in a wide frequency range and it is a suitable choice for an instrument-off-the-shelf device<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20051319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]],"date-time":"2020-03-03T03:13:28Z","timestamp":1583205208000},"page":"1319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Current\/Voltage Controlled Quadrature Sinusoidal Oscillators for Phase Sensitive Detection Using Commercially Available IC"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1261-0917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Winai","family":"Jaikla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Education, Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology, King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suchin","family":"Adhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Education, Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology, King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peerawut","family":"Suwanjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Education, Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology, King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Montree","family":"Kumngern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telecommunications Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00e1rquez, A., P\u00e9rez-Bail\u00f3n, J., Calvo, B., Medrano, N., and Mart\u00ednez, P.A. 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