{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T02:58:16Z","timestamp":1777085896604,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]],"date-time":"2020-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51605435"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51605435"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51575489"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51575489"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ultrasonic testing is a useful approach for quantifying the flaws in mechanical components. The height of the flaws in ultrasonic angle beam testing is closely related to the calibration value of the probe refraction angle. In order to reduce the calibration error, some ignored data during the traditional calibration process are reanalyzed and fused to determine the refraction angle. Both arithmetical measurement fusion method and weighted measurement fusion method are applied and compared. Monte Carlo simulation is used to estimate the probability distribution of the refraction angle and obtain the optimal refraction angle weights. Experiments were carried out to verify the results of Monte Carlo simulation. The applicability of data fusion on refraction angles is investigated. It was found in the study that the data fused with the refraction angle is helpful for measuring the height of flaws.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20051427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,6]],"date-time":"2020-03-06T09:26:41Z","timestamp":1583486801000},"page":"1427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Optimizing the Calibration Error of Refraction Angles in Ultrasonic Angle Beam Testing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Zhihui","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Process Equipment &amp; Control Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China"},{"name":"Wenzhou Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute, Wenzhou 325800, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhangmin","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenzhou Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute, Wenzhou 325800, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linyi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Process Equipment &amp; Control Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3702-8245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuebing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Process Equipment &amp; Control Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuebao","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Process Equipment &amp; Control Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China"},{"name":"EDF Energy Nuclear Generation Ltd., Barnett Way, Barnwood, Gloucester GL4 3RS, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2943-8332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zengliang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Process Equipment &amp; Control Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Process Equipment and Re-manufacturing of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpvp.2008.05.001","article-title":"Reliability of non-destructive test techniques in the inspection of pipelines used in the oil industry","volume":"85","author":"Carvalho","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. 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