{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T14:20:47Z","timestamp":1780582847736,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]],"date-time":"2020-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The atmospheric correction of satellite images based on radiative transfer calculations is a prerequisite for many remote sensing applications. The software package ATCOR, developed at the German Aerospace Center (DLR), is a versatile atmospheric correction software, capable of processing data acquired by many different optical satellite sensors. Based on this well established algorithm, a new Python-based atmospheric correction software has been developed to generate L2A products of Sentinel-2, Landsat-8, and of new space-based hyperspectral sensors such as DESIS (DLR Earth Sensing Imaging Spectrometer) and EnMAP (Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program). This paper outlines the underlying algorithms of PACO, and presents the validation results by comparing L2A products generated from Sentinel-2 L1C images with in situ (AERONET and RadCalNet) data within VNIR-SWIR spectral wavelengths range.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20051428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,6]],"date-time":"2020-03-06T09:26:41Z","timestamp":1583486801000},"page":"1428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["PACO: Python-Based Atmospheric Correction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0485-9552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"de los Reyes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"German Aerospace Center (DLR), Earth Observation Center, Remote Sensing Technology Institute, Photogrammetry and Image Analysis, Oberpfaffenhofen, 82234 Wessling, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7093-9158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian","family":"Langheinrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Aerospace Center (DLR), Earth Observation Center, Remote Sensing Technology Institute, Photogrammetry and Image Analysis, Oberpfaffenhofen, 82234 Wessling, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Schwind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Aerospace Center (DLR), Earth Observation Center, Remote Sensing Technology Institute, Photogrammetry and Image Analysis, Oberpfaffenhofen, 82234 Wessling, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8499-4780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rudolf","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Aerospace Center (DLR), Earth Observation Center, Remote Sensing Technology Institute, Photogrammetry and Image Analysis, Oberpfaffenhofen, 82234 Wessling, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4626-9393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bringfried","family":"Pflug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Aerospace Center (DLR), Earth Observation Center, Remote Sensing Technology Institute, Photogrammetry and Image Analysis, 12489 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8381-7662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Bachmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Aerospace Center (DLR), Earth Observation Center, Remote Sensing Data Center, Oberpfaffenhofen, 82234 Wessling, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3288-5814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rupert","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Aerospace Center (DLR), Earth Observation Center, Remote Sensing Technology Institute, Photogrammetry and Image Analysis, Oberpfaffenhofen, 82234 Wessling, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emiliano","family":"Carmona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Aerospace Center (DLR), Earth Observation Center, Remote Sensing Technology Institute, Photogrammetry and Image Analysis, Oberpfaffenhofen, 82234 Wessling, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8329-8564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viktoria","family":"Zekoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Aerospace Center (DLR), Earth Observation Center, Remote Sensing Technology Institute, Photogrammetry and Image Analysis, Oberpfaffenhofen, 82234 Wessling, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8122-1475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Reinartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Aerospace Center (DLR), Earth Observation Center, Remote Sensing Technology Institute, Photogrammetry and Image Analysis, Oberpfaffenhofen, 82234 Wessling, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17131","DOI":"10.1029\/97JD00201","article-title":"Atmospheric correction of visible to middle-infrared EOS-MODIS data over land surfaces: Background, operational algorithm and validation","volume":"102","author":"Vermote","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. 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