{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T16:33:41Z","timestamp":1781282021336,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,8]],"date-time":"2020-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Humanity is currently experiencing one of the short periods of transition thanks to novel sensing solutions for smart cities that bring the future to today. Overpopulation of cities demands the development of solid strategic plannings that uses infrastructure, innovation, and technology to adapt to rapid changes. To improve mobility in cities with a larger and larger vehicle fleet, a novel sensing solution that is the cornerstone of a smart parking system, the smart vehicular presence sensor (SPIN-V, in its Spanish abbreviation), is presented. The SPIN-V is composed of a small single-board computer, distance sensor, camera, LED indicator, buzzer, and battery and devoted to obtain the status of a parking space. This smart mobility project involves three main elements, namely the SPIN-V, a mobile application, and a monitoring center, working together to monitor, control, process, and display the parking space information in real-time to the drivers. In addition, the design and implementation of the three elements of the complete architecture are presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20051476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,9]],"date-time":"2020-03-09T05:37:34Z","timestamp":1583732254000},"page":"1476","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["IoT Smart Parking System Based on the Visual-Aided Smart Vehicle Presence Sensor: SPIN-V"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7095-9984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis F.","family":"Luque-Vega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n, Innovaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico CIIDETEC-UVM, Universidad del Valle de M\u00e9xico, Tlaquepaque, Jalisco 45601, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Michel-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n, Innovaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico CIIDETEC-UVM, Universidad del Valle de M\u00e9xico, Tlaquepaque, Jalisco 45601, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4998-1554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Lopez-Neri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n, Innovaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico CIIDETEC-UVM, Universidad del Valle de M\u00e9xico, Tlaquepaque, Jalisco 45601, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4618-4004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam A.","family":"Carlos-Mancilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n, Innovaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico CIIDETEC-UVM, Universidad del Valle de M\u00e9xico, Tlaquepaque, Jalisco 45601, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8999-3015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis E.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics Systems and Computing, ITESO AC, Tlaquepaque, Jalisco 45604, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Ciudad inteligente y Sostenible: Hacia un Modelo de Innovaci\u00f3n Inclusiva","volume":"7","year":"2017","journal-title":"PAAKAT: Revista de tecnolog\u00eda y sociedad"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"4","article-title":"A Smart Parking Solution for Jeddah City","volume":"171","author":"Alharbi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. 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