{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T04:39:11Z","timestamp":1781325551866,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,9]],"date-time":"2020-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61705138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61705138"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61675137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61675137"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Guangdong Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017A030310033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017A030310033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen","award":["JCYJ20170818093743767"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20170818093743767"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen","award":["JCYJ20160307143716576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20160307143716576"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016M600669"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016M600669"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A highly sensitive torsion sensor can be constructed by combining a twisted photonic crystal fiber with a liquid-filled waveguide in its air-hole cladding. The torsion sensitivity of this type of sensor is determined directly by the phase-matching conditions between the fiber core mode and the liquid waveguide mode, which can be improved by tuning the helicity (denoted by the initial twist rate, \u03b10) of the twisted photonic crystal fiber. The enhancement mechanism of \u03b10 on the sensitivity of the proposed torsion sensor is investigated theoretically, followed by experimental verifications, and a torsion sensitivity as high as 446 nm\u2219mm\u2219rad\u22121 can be obtained by tailoring these parameters. Experimental results show that the torsion sensitivity increases with \u03b10 decreasing from 3.142 to 3.925 rad\/mm, which are in consistence with that of the numerical predictions. The demonstrated torsion sensor is expected to contribute to the development of highly sensitive torsion-related photonic crystal fiber devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20051490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,9]],"date-time":"2020-03-09T07:15:26Z","timestamp":1583738126000},"page":"1490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Helicity Enhanced Torsion Sensor Based on Liquid Filled Twisted Photonic Crystal Fibers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Feng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"},{"name":"Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"},{"name":"Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0915-751X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"},{"name":"Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"},{"name":"Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cailing","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"},{"name":"Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4337-956X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yijian","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"},{"name":"Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changrui","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"},{"name":"Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"},{"name":"Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1109\/50.939797","article-title":"Corrugated Long-Period Fiber Gratings as Strain, Torsion, and Bending Sensors","volume":"19","author":"Lin","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. 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