{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T14:25:27Z","timestamp":1761920727890,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,10]],"date-time":"2020-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41674036 and 41804019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41674036 and 41804019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019J01852 and 2016J01198"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019J01852 and 2016J01198"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Scientific Climbing Plan of Xiamen University of Technology","award":["XPDKT18024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XPDKT18024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The ambiguity resolution (AR) and validation of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) have been challenging tasks for some decades. Considering the reliability problem of extra-wide-lane (EWL) ambiguity in the triple-carrier ambiguity resolution (TCAR), a method for validating the reliability of the EWL ambiguity using a single epoch was proposed for the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). For the initial EWL ambiguity, obtained using a rounding estimator with a geometry-free (GF) model, the double-difference ionospheric delay was first estimated to construct a relative positioning model with an initial fixed ambiguity. Second, based on the theory of gross error detection and the AR characteristics of EWL, the second-best ambiguity candidate was constructed. Finally, among the two sets of ambiguities, the one with the smaller posterior variance was taken as the reliable ambiguity. The study showed that, for a single epoch, when only one or two satellites had incorrect ambiguities, the AR success rate after ambiguity validation and correction could reach 100% for medium baselines. For long baselines, due to the increase of atmospheric error, the validation was affected to some extent. However, the AR success rates for two long baselines increased from 96.82% and 98.44% to 98.80% and 99.67%, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20051534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,10]],"date-time":"2020-03-10T11:59:36Z","timestamp":1583841576000},"page":"1534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Extra-Wide Lane Ambiguity Resolution and Validation for a Single Epoch Based on the Triple-Frequency BeiDou Navigation Satellite System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surveying and Remote Sensing Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China"},{"name":"Big Data Institute of Digital Natural Disaster Monitoring in Fujian, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aiguo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surveying and Remote Sensing Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China"},{"name":"Big Data Institute of Digital Natural Disaster Monitoring in Fujian, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nenghui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Applied Mathematics, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fuyang","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00863419","article-title":"The least-squares ambiguity decorrelation adjustment: A method for fast GPS integer ambiguity estimation","volume":"70","author":"Teunissen","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. 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