{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T17:38:20Z","timestamp":1769017100313,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]],"date-time":"2020-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nowadays, the use of insoles in sport practice have been recognized to decrease the foot and lower limb injury patterns. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of four types of hardness insoles (HI) in the activity patterns of the hip and thigh muscles (HTM) in motoriders during motorcycling sport. The study was a crossover trial. Subjects were elite motoriders. The mean age was 33 \u00b1 5.14 years. Electromyography (EMG) of hip and thigh muscles (HTM) data was registered via surface while subjects were riding on an elite motorcycle simulator. Subjects had to complete different tests with randomly hardest insoles (HI): 1: only polypropylene (58\u00b0 D Shore); 2: Polypropylene (58\u00b0 D Shore) with selective aluminium in hallux and metatarsal heads (60 HB Brinell hardness); 3: Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) (52\u00b0 A Shore); and finally, 4: Ordinary EVA (25\u00b0 A Shore) as the control. EMG patterns of the HTM, riding on an elite motorcycle simulator, showed the lowest peak amplitude with the insoles with polypropylene and selective aluminium. Using the hardest insoles in our study (selective aluminium) the EMG amplitude peaks decreased in all HTM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20061551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]],"date-time":"2020-03-12T04:13:57Z","timestamp":1583986437000},"page":"1551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Influence of Different Hardness Custom Foot Insoles in the Electromyography Activity Patterns of the Thigh and Hip Muscles during Motorcycling Sport: A Crossover Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8537-425X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Israel","family":"Casado-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorc\u00f3n, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1568-7602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Enfermer\u00eda, Fisioterapia y Podolog\u00eda, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7588-2069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta Elena","family":"Losa-Iglesias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorc\u00f3n, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0926-5200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva Mar\u00eda","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermer\u00eda, Departamento de Enfermer\u00eda, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9818-6290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"L\u00f3pez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research, Health and Podiatry Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, 15403 Ferrol, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5741-7606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Mazoteras-Pardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Enfermer\u00eda, Fisioterapia y Podolog\u00eda, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6598-829X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Romero-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Od\u00f3n, 28670 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6569-1311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Calvo-Lobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Enfermer\u00eda, Fisioterapia y Podolog\u00eda, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410701790779","article-title":"Heart rate and blood lactate concentration of male road-race motorcyclists","volume":"26","author":"Tessitore","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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