{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T17:31:38Z","timestamp":1785605498598,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":247,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]],"date-time":"2020-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Government assignment of the Russian Ministry of Education and Science","award":["3.9002.2017\/6.7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3.9002.2017\/6.7"]}]},{"name":"Government assignment of the Russian Ministry of Education and Science","award":["3.4168.2017\/4.6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3.4168.2017\/4.6"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The development of magnetic field sensors for biomedical applications primarily focuses on equivalent magnetic noise reduction or overall design improvement in order to make them smaller and cheaper while keeping the required values of a limit of detection. One of the cutting-edge topics today is the use of magnetic field sensors for applications such as magnetocardiography, magnetotomography, magnetomyography, magnetoneurography, or their application in point-of-care devices. This introductory review focuses on modern magnetic field sensors suitable for biomedicine applications from a physical point of view and provides an overview of recent studies in this field. Types of magnetic field sensors include direct current superconducting quantum interference devices, search coil, fluxgate, magnetoelectric, giant magneto-impedance, anisotropic\/giant\/tunneling magnetoresistance, optically pumped, cavity optomechanical, Hall effect, magnetoelastic, spin wave interferometry, and those based on the behavior of nitrogen-vacancy centers in the atomic lattice of diamond.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20061569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]],"date-time":"2020-03-12T04:13:57Z","timestamp":1583986437000},"page":"1569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":262,"title":["Ultrasensitive Magnetic Field Sensors for Biomedical Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5180-8873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry","family":"Murzin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics, Mathematics and Information Technology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desmond J.","family":"Mapps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kateryna","family":"Levada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics, Mathematics and Information Technology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Belyaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics, Mathematics and Information Technology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3876-8261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Omelyanchik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics, Mathematics and Information Technology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larissa","family":"Panina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics, Mathematics and Information Technology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia"},{"name":"National University of Science and Technology, MISiS, 119049 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Rodionova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics, Mathematics and Information Technology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm.12.133","article-title":"Microfabricated magnetic structures for future medicine: From sensors to cell actuators","volume":"7","author":"Vitol","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-4247(03)00193-6","article-title":"Remote magnetic sensing of people","volume":"106","author":"Mapps","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sens. 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