{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T19:23:11Z","timestamp":1774380191466,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]],"date-time":"2020-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61803061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61803061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61906026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61906026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","award":["KJQN201800603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJQN201800603"]}]},{"name":"Chongqing Natural Science Foundation","award":["cstc2018jcyjAX0167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cstc2018jcyjAX0167"]}]},{"name":"the Common Key Technology Innovation Special of Key Industries of Chongqing science and Technology Commission","award":["cstc2017zdcy-zdyfX0067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cstc2017zdcy-zdyfX0067"]}]},{"name":"the Common Key Technology Innovation Special of Key Industries of Chongqing science and Technology Commission","award":["cstc2017zdcy-zdyfX0055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cstc2017zdcy-zdyfX0055"]}]},{"name":"the Common Key Technology Innovation Special of Key Industries of Chongqing science and Technology Commission","award":["cstc2018jszx-cyzd0634"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cstc2018jszx-cyzd0634"]}]},{"name":"the Arti\ufb01cial Intelligence Technology Innovation Signi\ufb01cant Theme Special Project of Chongqing science and Technology Commission","award":["cstc2017rgzn-zdyfX0014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cstc2017rgzn-zdyfX0014"]}]},{"name":"the Arti\ufb01cial Intelligence Technology Innovation Signi\ufb01cant Theme Special Project of Chongqing science and Technology Commission","award":["cstc2017rgzn-zdyfX0035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cstc2017rgzn-zdyfX0035"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multi exposure image fusion (MEF) provides a concise way to generate high-dynamic-range (HDR) images. Although the precise fusion can be achieved by existing MEF methods in different static scenes, the corresponding performance of ghost removal varies in different dynamic scenes. This paper proposes a precise MEF method based on feature patches (FPM) to improve the robustness of ghost removal in a dynamic scene. A reference image is selected by a priori exposure quality first and then used in the structure consistency test to solve the image ghosting issues existing in the dynamic scene MEF. Source images are decomposed into spatial-domain structures by a guided filter. Both the base and detail layer of the decomposed images are fused to achieve the MEF. The structure decomposition of the image patch and the appropriate exposure evaluation are integrated into the proposed solution. Both global and local exposures are optimized to improve the fusion performance. Compared with six existing MEF methods, the proposed FPM not only improves the robustness of ghost removal in a dynamic scene, but also performs well in color saturation, image sharpness, and local detail processing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20061597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]],"date-time":"2020-03-13T08:58:59Z","timestamp":1584089939000},"page":"1597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["A Precise Multi-Exposure Image Fusion Method Based on Low-level Features"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9562-3865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guanqiu","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Information Systems Department, State University of New York at Buffalo State, Buffalo, NY 14222, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Automation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaqin","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Automation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yinong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiqin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Automation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shujuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Beingundigital\u2019with digital cameras","volume":"1","author":"Mann","year":"1994","journal-title":"MIT Media Lab Perceptual"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1049\/trit.2018.0011","article-title":"Multi-focus image fusion via morphological similarity-based dictionary construction and sparse representation","volume":"3","author":"Qi","year":"2018","journal-title":"CAAI Trans. 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