{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T09:27:15Z","timestamp":1780392435856,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,14]],"date-time":"2020-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003052","name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N0001791"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N0001791"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002560","name":"Soonchunhyang University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["00000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002560","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spasticity is a frequently observed symptom in patients with neurological impairments. Spastic movements of their upper and lower limbs are periodically measured to evaluate functional outcomes of physical rehabilitation, and they are quantified by clinical outcome measures such as the modified Ashworth scale (MAS). This study proposes a method to determine the severity of elbow spasticity, by analyzing the acceleration and rotation attributes collected from the elbow of the affected side of patients and machine-learning algorithms to classify the degree of spastic movement; this approach is comparable to assigning an MAS score. We collected inertial data from participants using a wearable device incorporating inertial measurement units during a passive stretch test. Machine-learning algorithms\u2014including decision tree, random forests (RFs), support vector machine, linear discriminant analysis, and multilayer perceptrons\u2014were evaluated in combinations of two segmentation techniques and feature sets. A RF performed well, achieving up to 95.4% accuracy. This work not only successfully demonstrates how wearable technology and machine learning can be used to generate a clinically meaningful index but also offers rehabilitation patients an opportunity to monitor the degree of spasticity, even in nonhealthcare institutions where the help of clinical professionals is unavailable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20061622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]],"date-time":"2020-03-18T08:20:44Z","timestamp":1584519644000},"page":"1622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Analysis of Machine Learning-Based Assessment for Elbow Spasticity Using Inertial Sensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7487-5748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung-Yeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICT Convergence Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geunsu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ICT Convergence Rehabilitation Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong-A","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3318-9394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunyoung","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2008.02114.x","article-title":"Prevalence of disabling spasticity 1 year after first-ever stroke","volume":"15","author":"Borg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. 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