{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T12:59:07Z","timestamp":1765976347922,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,15]],"date-time":"2020-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51705376"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51705376"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004479","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20192BAB216025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20192BAB216025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004479","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Driving status monitoring is important to safety driving which could be adopted to improve driving behaviors through hand gesture detection by wearable electronics. The soft bimodal sensor array (SBSA) composed of strain sensor array based on ionic conductive hydrogels and capacitive pressure sensor array based on ionic hydrogel electrodes is designed to monitor drivers\u2019 hand gesture. SBSA is fabricated and assembled by the stretchable functional and structural materials through a sol\u2013gel process for guaranteeing the overall softness of SBSA. The piezoresistive strain and capacitive pressure sensing abilities of SBSA are evaluated by the data acquisition system and signal analyzer with the external physical stimuli. The gauge factor (GF) of the strain sensor is 1.638 under stretched format, and \u20130.726 under compressed format; sensitivity of the pressure sensor is 0.267 kPa\u22121 below 3.45 and 0.0757 kPa\u22121 in the range of 3.45\u201312 kPa, which are sensitive enough to hand gesture detection and driving status monitoring. The simple recognition method for the driver\u2019s status behavior is proposed to identify the driver\u2019s behaviors with the piezoresistive properties of conductive polymers, and the turning angles are computed by the strain and pressure values from SBSA. This work demonstrates an effective approach to integrate SBSA seamlessly into an existing driving environment for driving status monitoring, expanding the applications of SBSA in wearable electronics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20061641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]],"date-time":"2020-03-18T08:20:44Z","timestamp":1584519644000},"page":"1641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Soft Bimodal Sensor Array Based on Conductive Hydrogel for Driving Status Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Wentao","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daojin","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7852-3117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.14257\/ijast.2014.64.07","article-title":"A review on driver face monitoring systems for fatigue and distraction detection","volume":"64","author":"Sigari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. 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