{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T04:10:14Z","timestamp":1773202214674,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,22]],"date-time":"2020-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Youth Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["11904065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11904065"]}]},{"name":"National Defense Science and Technology Key Laboratory Foundation of Electronic Test Technology","award":["6124001180411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6124001180411"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Passive sonar is widely used for target detection, identification and classification based on the target radiated acoustic signal. Under the influence of Doppler, generated by relative motion between the moving target and the sonar array, the received ship-radiated acoustic signals are non-stationary and time-varying, which has a negative effect on target detection and other fields. In order to reduce the influence of Doppler and improve the performance of target detection, a coherent integration method based on cross-power spectrum is proposed in this paper. It can be concluded that the frequency shift and phase change in the cross-power spectrum obtained by each pair of data segments can be corrected with the compensations of time scale (Doppler) factor and time delay. Moreover, the time scale factor and time delay can be estimated from the amplitude and phase of the original cross-power spectrum, respectively. Therefore, coherent integration can be implemented with the compensated cross-power spectra. Simulation and experimental data processing results show that the proposed method can provide sufficient processing gains and effectively extract the discrete spectra for the detection of moving targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20061767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,24]],"date-time":"2020-03-24T07:16:08Z","timestamp":1585034168000},"page":"1767","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Passive Detection of Ship-Radiated Acoustic Signal Using Coherent Integration of Cross-Power Spectrum with Doppler and Time Delay Compensations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9769-6045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Acoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Information Acquisition and Security (Harbin Engineering University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"}]},{"given":"Shengchun","family":"Piao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Information Acquisition and Security (Harbin Engineering University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"}]},{"given":"Junyuan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Information Acquisition and Security (Harbin Engineering University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"}]},{"given":"Yahui","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Information Acquisition and Security (Harbin Engineering University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"}]},{"given":"Kashif","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ainslie, M.A. (2010). 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