{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T00:42:37Z","timestamp":1771029757156,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMJPR18J1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJPR18J1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, the use of microinjections has increased in life science and biotechnology fields; specific examples include artificial insemination and gene manipulation. Microinjections are mainly performed based on visual information; thus, the operator needs high-level skill because of the narrowness of the visual field. Additionally, microinjections are performed as the operator views a microscopic image on a display; the position of the display requires the operator to maintain an awkward posture throughout the procedure. In this study, we developed a microscopic image display apparatus for microinjections based on a view-expansive microscope. The prototype of the view-expansive microscope has problems related to the variations in brightness and focal blur that accompany changes in the optical path length and amount of reflected light. Therefore, we propose the use of a variable-focus device to expand the visual field and thus circumvent the above-mentioned problems. We evaluated the observable area of the system using this variable-focus device. We confirmed that the observable area is 261.4 and 13.9 times larger than that of a normal microscope and conventional view-expansive microscopic system, respectively. Finally, observations of mouse embryos were carried out by using the developed system. We confirmed that the microscopic images can be displayed on a head-mounted display in real time with the desired point and field sizes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20071967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,2]],"date-time":"2020-04-02T11:57:14Z","timestamp":1585828634000},"page":"1967","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Head-Mounted Display-Based Microscopic Imaging System with Customizable Field Size and Viewpoint"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7860-0725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadayoshi","family":"Aoyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho 1, Chikusa Word, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan"},{"name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency, PREST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarau","family":"Takeno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho 1, Chikusa Word, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9304-4667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaru","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho 1, Chikusa Word, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuhisa","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho 1, Chikusa Word, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7380","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.12.7380","article-title":"Genetic transformation of mouse embryos by microinjection of purified DNA","volume":"77","author":"Gordon","year":"1980","journal-title":"Proc. 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Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science, Nagoya, Japan.","DOI":"10.1109\/MHS.2018.8887011"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.2006.01577.x","article-title":"Automated microscopy system for mosaic acquisition and processing","volume":"222","author":"Chow","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Microsc."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6504","DOI":"10.1364\/OPEX.13.006504","article-title":"Adaptive Scanning Optical Microscope (ASOM): A multidisciplinary optical microscope design for large field of view and high resolution imaging","volume":"13","author":"Potsaid","year":"2005","journal-title":"Opt. 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Proceedings of the IEEE\/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, Hong Kong, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/AIM.2019.8868726"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/7\/1967\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:14:04Z","timestamp":1760174044000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/7\/1967"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["s20071967"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s20071967","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]}}}