{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T10:41:34Z","timestamp":1785926494144,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]],"date-time":"2020-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013213","name":"Research Fund for Coal and Steel","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["793505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["793505"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013213","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RTI2018-094614-B-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-094614-B-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent advances in technology have empowered the widespread application of cyber\u2013physical systems in manufacturing and fostered the Industry 4.0 paradigm. In the factories of the future, it is possible that all items, including operators, will be equipped with integrated communication and data processing capabilities. Operators can become part of the smart manufacturing systems, and this fosters a paradigm shift from independent automated and human activities to human\u2013cyber\u2013physical systems (HCPSs). In this context, a Healthy Operator 4.0 (HO4.0) concept was proposed, based on a systemic view of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and wearable technology. For the implementation of this relatively new concept, we constructed a unified architecture to support the integration of different enabling technologies. We designed an implementation model to facilitate the practical application of this concept in industry. The main enabling technologies of the model are introduced afterward. In addition, a prototype system was developed, and relevant experiments were conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed system architecture and the implementation framework, as well as some of the derived benefits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20072011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T03:58:39Z","timestamp":1586231919000},"page":"2011","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Healthy Operator 4.0: A Human Cyber\u2013Physical System Architecture for Smart Workplaces"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8790-7371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shengjing","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales (ETSII), Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Jos\u00e9 Guti\u00e9rrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1506-3314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaochen","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales (ETSII), Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Jos\u00e9 Guti\u00e9rrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing, SCI-STI-DK, \u00c9cole polytechnique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7770-2738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bing","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"J\u00fclich Supercomputing Center, Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich GmbH, Wilhelm-Wohnen-Str, 52428 J\u00fclich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3548-7387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Garc\u00eda Paredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales (ETSII), Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Jos\u00e9 Guti\u00e9rrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9677-6764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Ordieres-Mer\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales (ETSII), Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Jos\u00e9 Guti\u00e9rrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidt, R., M\u00f6hring, M., H\u00e4rting, R.C., Reichstein, C., Neumaier, P., and Jozinovi\u0107, P. 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