{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:48:40Z","timestamp":1760237320207,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,5]],"date-time":"2020-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Counterfeiting of an Integrated Circuit (IC) has become a significant concern for electronics manufacturers, system integrators, and end users. It is necessary to find a robust implementation that is efficient, low cost, and noninvasive in detection and avoidance of ICs counterfeiting. In this paper, we introduce the concept of using a guided radiofrequency (RF) wave technique to authenticate ICs. The approach discussed in this work highlights the use of electromagnetic (EM)\/radiofrequency (RF) response that has been further evaluated to assign fingerprint or signature of ICs for the purpose of authentication. Our approach is to use EM\/RF guided wave to sense the response of the ICs, extract the manufacturing-based process variation of an IC and finally generate identifier or signature of that IC. As a proof-of-concept, we performed experiments over different field-programmable gate array (FPGA) boards of the same family. The post-processing technique was applied on the measurement results to statistically quantify the error probability of the authentication technique.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20072041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T03:58:39Z","timestamp":1586231919000},"page":"2041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Guided Electromagnetic Wave Technique for IC Authentication"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Mosabbah Mushir","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ORSYS &amp; CTSYS, LCIS, University of Grenoble Alpes, 26000 Valence, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2671-8366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Etienne","family":"Perret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ORSYS &amp; CTSYS, LCIS, University of Grenoble Alpes, 26000 Valence, France"},{"name":"Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3249-7667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Hely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ORSYS &amp; CTSYS, LCIS, University of Grenoble Alpes, 26000 Valence, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6725-4273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romain","family":"Siragusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ORSYS &amp; CTSYS, LCIS, University of Grenoble Alpes, 26000 Valence, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6355-9109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Barbot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ORSYS &amp; CTSYS, LCIS, University of Grenoble Alpes, 26000 Valence, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, K., Carulli, J.M., and Makris, Y. 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