{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T19:12:35Z","timestamp":1781723555927,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]],"date-time":"2020-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000006","name":"Office of Naval Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MA041\u201306\u201341\u20139899"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MA041\u201306\u201341\u20139899"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We demonstrate the viability of using ultra-thin sheets of microbially grown nanocellulose to build functional medical sensors. Microbially grown nanocellulose is an interesting alternative to plastics, as it is hydrophilic, biocompatible, porous, and hydrogen bonding, thereby allowing the potential development of new application routes. Exploiting the distinguishing properties of this material enables us to develop solution-based processes to create nanocellulose printed circuit boards, allowing a variety of electronics to be mounted onto our nanocellulose. As proofs of concept, we have demonstrated applications in medical sensing such as heart rate monitoring and temperature sensing\u2014potential applications fitting the wide-ranging paradigm of a future where the Internet of Things is dominant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20072047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T03:58:39Z","timestamp":1586231919000},"page":"2047","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Microbial Nanocellulose Printed Circuit Boards for Medical Sensing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3713-5983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Yuen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Bio-Molecular Science and Engineering, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9894-6640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa C.","family":"Shriver-Lake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Bio-Molecular Science and Engineering, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott A.","family":"Walper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Bio-Molecular Science and Engineering, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Zabetakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Bio-Molecular Science and Engineering, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce C.","family":"Breger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Bio-Molecular Science and Engineering, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Stenger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Bio-Molecular Science and Engineering, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4373","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201504366","article-title":"Monitoring of Vital Signs with Flexible and Wearable Medical Devices","volume":"28","author":"Khan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. 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