{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T18:32:34Z","timestamp":1781721154310,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]],"date-time":"2020-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Basic Research Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015CB057503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015CB057503"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper investigates the pre-pressure\u2019s influence on the key performance of a traveling wave ultrasonic motor (TRUM) using simulations and experimental tests. An analytical model accompanied with power dissipation is built, and an electric cylinder is first adopted in regulating the pre-pressure rapidly, flexibly and accurately. Both results provide several new features for exploring the function of pre-pressure. It turns out that the proportion of driving zone within the contact region declines as the pre-pressure increases, while a lower power dissipation and slower temperature rise can be achieved when the driving zones and the braking zones are in balance. Moreover, the shrinking speed fluctuations with the increasing pre-pressures are verified by the periodic-varying axial pressure. Finally, stalling torque, maximum efficiency, temperature rise and speed variance are all integrated to form a novel optimization criterion, which achieves a slower temperature rise and lower stationary error between 260 and 320 N. The practical speed control errors demonstrate that the proportion of residual error declines from 2.88% to 0.75% when the pre-pressure is changed from 150 to 300 N, which serves as one of the pieces of evidence of the criterion\u2019s effectiveness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20072096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]],"date-time":"2020-04-09T03:40:19Z","timestamp":1586403619000},"page":"2096","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Pre-Pressure Optimization for Ultrasonic Motors Based on Multi-Sensor Fusion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Ning","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Defense Technology, Deya Road No. 109, Kaifu District, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jieji","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Defense Technology, Deya Road No. 109, Kaifu District, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dapeng","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Defense Technology, Deya Road No. 109, Kaifu District, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14806","DOI":"10.3390\/s140814806","article-title":"Acoustic Devices for Particle and Cell Manipulation and Sensing","volume":"14","author":"Qiu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9593","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2018.2818647","article-title":"Contact force control on soft membrane for an ear surgical device","volume":"65","author":"Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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