{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T19:41:38Z","timestamp":1777318898079,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,11]],"date-time":"2020-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Parkinson\u2019s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes impaired motor functions. Virtual reality technology may be recommended to optimize motor learning in a safe environment. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effects of a novel immersive virtual reality technology used for serious games (Oculus Rift 2 plus leap motion controller\u2014OR2-LMC) for upper limb outcomes (muscle strength, coordination, speed of movements, fine and gross dexterity). Another objective was to obtain qualitative data for participants\u2019 experiences related to the intervention. Methods: A mixed methods intervention (embedded) study was used, with a qualitative design after a technology intervention (quantitative design). The intervention and qualitative design followed international guidelines and were integrated into the method and reporting subheadings. Results: Significant improvements were observed in strength (p = 0.028), fine (p = 0.026 to 0.028) and gross coordination dexterity, and speed movements (p = 0.039) in the affected side, with excellent compliance (100%) and a high level of satisfaction (3.66 \u00b1 0.18 points out of the maximum of 4). No adverse side effects were observed. Qualitative findings described patients\u2019 perspectives regarding OR2-LMC treatment, facilitators and barriers for adherence, OR2-LMC applications, and treatment improvements. Conclusions: The intervention showed positive results for the upper limbs, with elements of discordance, expansion, and confirmation between qualitative and quantitative results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20082168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]],"date-time":"2020-04-13T10:41:52Z","timestamp":1586774512000},"page":"2168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["The Impact of a Novel Immersive Virtual Reality Technology Associated with Serious Games in Parkinson\u2019s Disease Patients on Upper Limb Rehabilitation: A Mixed Methods Intervention Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1340-8278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Herrera-Baeza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, PC 28922 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1118-4234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Cano-de-la-Cuerda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, PC 28922 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0791-860X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edwin Daniel","family":"O\u00f1a-Simba\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robotics Lab, University Carlos III of Madrid, Legan\u00e9s, PC 28911 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0669-6339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domingo","family":"Palacios-Ce\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Research Group of Humanities and Qualitative Research in Health Science of Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (Hum&amp;QRinHS), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, PC 28922, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3586-2623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"P\u00e9rez-Corrales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Research Group of Humanities and Qualitative Research in Health Science of Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (Hum&amp;QRinHS), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, PC 28922, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan Nicolas","family":"Cuenca-Zaldivar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Unit, Hospital de Guadarrama, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, PC 28223 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4824-5915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Gueita-Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Research Group of Humanities and Qualitative Research in Health Science of Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (Hum&amp;QRinHS), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, PC 28922, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Balaguer-Bernaldo de Quir\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robotics Lab, University Carlos III of Madrid, Legan\u00e9s, PC 28911 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3734-7492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Jard\u00f3n-Huete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robotics Lab, University Carlos III of Madrid, Legan\u00e9s, PC 28911 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9507-2717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicia","family":"Cuesta-Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, PC 28922 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"817","article-title":"Axial rigidity and quality of life in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: A preliminary study","volume":"20","year":"2010","journal-title":"Qual. 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