{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T13:31:19Z","timestamp":1773840679147,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,12]],"date-time":"2020-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019010","name":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Advanced Control of State Ethnic Affairs Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MD-IPAC-2019102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MD-IPAC-2019102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019010","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["LQ19F010002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ19F010002"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005315","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018A610094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018A610094"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005315","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, a joint diagonalization based two dimensional (2D) direction of departure (DOD) and 2D direction of arrival (DOA) estimation method for a mixture of circular and strictly noncircular (NC) sources is proposed based on an L-shaped bistatic multiple input multiple output (MIMO) radar. By making full use of the L-shaped MIMO array structure to obtain an extended virtual array at the receive array, we first combine the received data vector and its conjugated counterpart to construct a new data vector, and then an estimating signal parameter via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT)-like method is adopted to estimate the DODs and DOAs by joint diagonalization of the NC-based direction matrices, which can automatically pair the four dimensional (4D) angle parameters and solve the angle ambiguity problem with common one-dimensional (1D) DODs and DOAs. In addition, the asymptotic performance of the proposed algorithm is analyzed and the closed-form stochastic Cramer\u2013Rao bound (CRB) expression is derived. As demonstrated by simulation results, the proposed algorithm has outperformed the existing one, with a result close to the theoretical benchmark.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20082177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]],"date-time":"2020-04-13T10:41:52Z","timestamp":1586774512000},"page":"2177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["2D-DOD and 2D-DOA Estimation for a Mixture of Circular and Strictly Noncircular Sources Based on L-Shaped MIMO Radar"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Jiaxiong","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}]},{"given":"Yonghong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Advanced Control of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Dalian 116600, China"}]},{"given":"Yifang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}]},{"given":"Zehao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2918-8735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Advanced Control of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Dalian 116600, China"}]},{"given":"Laihua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Software, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2013.2285520","article-title":"Joint Transmission and Reception Diversity Smoothing for Direction Finding of Coherent Targets in MIMO Radar","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE J. 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