{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T15:40:43Z","timestamp":1764603643246,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]],"date-time":"2020-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61701440, 11704248,"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61701440, 11704248,"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["51839010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51839010"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011415","name":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MSV202001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MSV202001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011415","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Compressor Technology","award":["SKL-YSL201812, SKL-YSJ201903"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKL-YSL201812, SKL-YSJ201903"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology on Sonar Laboratory","award":["6142109KF201901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6142109KF201901"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology on Underwater test and Control Laboratory","award":["2017-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cavitation failure often occurs in centrifugal pumps, resulting in severe harm to their performance and life-span. Nowadays, it has become crucial to detect incipient cavitation ahead of cavitation failure. However, most envelope demodulation methods suffer from strong noise and repetitive impacts. This paper proposes an adaptive Autogram approach based on the Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR). A cyclic amplitude model (CAM) is presented to reveal the cyclostationarity and autocorrelation-periodicity of pump cavitation-caused signals. The Autogram method is improved for envelope demodulation and cyclic feature extraction by introducing the character to noise ratio (CNR) and CFAR threshold. To achieve a high detection rate, CNR parameters are introduced to represent the cavitation intensity in the combined square-envelope spectrum. To maintain a low false alarm, the CFAR detector is combined with the CNR parameter to obtain adaptive thresholds for different data along with sensor positions. By carrying out various experiments of a centrifugal water pump from Status 1 to 10 at different flow rates, the proposed approach is capable of cavitation feature extraction with respect to the CAM model, and can achieve more than a 90% detection rate of incipient cavitation and maintain a 5% false alarm rate. This paper offers an alternative solution for the predictive maintenance of pump cavitation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20082303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T04:49:38Z","timestamp":1587444578000},"page":"2303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["An Adaptive Autogram Approach Based on a CFAR Detector for Incipient Cavitation Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1514-873X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ning","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]},{"given":"Linlin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8079-4055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System &amp; Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}]},{"given":"Changbo","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"}]},{"given":"Linlin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]},{"given":"Dazhuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uesawa, S.I., Kaneko, A., Nomura, Y., and Abe, Y. 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