{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T10:07:47Z","timestamp":1760609267163,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, the throughput and energy efficiency of an unlicensed machine type communications network is studied. If an outage event happens in the network, there is a possibility for packet retransmission in order to obtain a lower error probability. The concept of spectrum sharing is used here for modeling the network, which allows the two types of licensed and unlicensed users to share the same uplink channel allocated to the licensed users. However, it is done in a way that no harm is done to the licensed nodes\u2019 transmission for sharing the same channel with the unlicensed users, while licensed nodes\u2019 transmission causes interference on the unlicensed network. Poisson point process is used here to model the location of the nodes and the effect of interference on the network. We study how different factors such as the number of retransmissions, SIR threshold and outage can affect the throughput and energy efficiency of the network. Throughput and energy efficiency are also both studied in constrained optimization problems where the constraints are the SIR threshold and the number of retransmission attempts. We also show why it is important to use limited transmissions and what are the benefits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20082357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T04:15:13Z","timestamp":1587528913000},"page":"2357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Throughput and Energy Efficiency Scheme for Unlicensed Massive Machine Type Communications \u2020"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3154-2051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iran","family":"Ramezanipour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirley","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7398-1802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro H.","family":"J. Nardelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy Systems, LUT University, 53850 Lappeenranta, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ari","family":"Pouttu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Cerwall, P., Jonsson, P., M\u00f6ller, R., B\u00e4vertoft, S., Carson, S., and Godor, I. (2020, April 21). Ericsson mobility report. On the Pulse of the Networked Society. Hg. v. Ericsson. Available online: https:\/\/edna.iea-4e.org\/files\/otherfiles\/0000\/0438\/11_-_Ericsson_Mobility_Report_-_Patrik_Cerwall.pdf."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Manyika, J., Chui, M., Bisson, P., Woetzel, J., Dobbs, R., Bughin, J., and Aharon, D. (2015). 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