{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:50:53Z","timestamp":1778719853427,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Plan for Science Technology and Innovation (MAARIFAH), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology,","award":["12-INF2885-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12-INF2885-02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The IEEE 802.15.6 standard has the potential to provide cost-effective and unobtrusive medical services to individuals with chronic health conditions. It is a low-power standard developed for wireless body area networks and enables wireless communication inside or near a human body. This standard utilizes a Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA\/CA) protocol to improve network performance under different channel access priorities. However, the CSMA\/CA proposed in the IEEE 802.15.6 standard has poor throughput performance and link reliability when some of the nodes deployed on a human body are hidden from each other. We employ the RTS\/CTS scheme to solve hidden node problems in IEEE 802.15.6 networks over a lossy channel. To improve performance of the RTS\/CTS scheme, we adjust transmission power levels of the nodes according to transmission failures. We estimate throughput and energy consumption of the proposed model by differentiating several parameters, such as contention window size, values of bit error ratios, number of nodes in different priority classes. The performance results are obtained through analytical approximations and simulations. We observe that the proposed model significantly improves performance of the IEEE 802.15.6 CSMA\/CA by resolving hidden node problems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20082368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]],"date-time":"2020-04-23T02:10:52Z","timestamp":1587607852000},"page":"2368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Performance Evaluation of RTS\/CTS Scheme in Beacon-Enabled IEEE 802.15.6 MAC Protocol for Wireless Body Area Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Sana","family":"Ullah\u00a0","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Software Technology, University of Swat, Swat 19130, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3479-3606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Mehedi","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5906-9422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Shamim","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Software Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulhameed","family":"Alelaiwi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Software Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2019, October 19). Who. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2019, October 19). Cms, Available online: https:\/\/www.cms.gov\/."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iyengar, S., Bonda, F.T., Gravina, R., Guerrieri, A., Fortino, G., and Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, A. 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