{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T06:03:26Z","timestamp":1775109806654,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Government\/FEDER","award":["RTI2018-100910-B-C43"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-100910-B-C43"]}]},{"name":"IVACE","award":["IMAMCI\/2020\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IMAMCI\/2020\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is an interest in new wearable solutions that can be directly worn on the curved human body or integrated into daily objects. Textiles offer properties that are suitable to be used as holders for electronics or sensors components. Many sensing technologies have been explored considering textiles substrates in combination with conductive materials in the last years. In this work, a novel solution of a gesture recognition touchless sensor is implemented with satisfactory results. Moreover, three manufacturing techniques have been considered as alternatives: screen-printing with conductive ink, embroidery with conductive thread and thermosealing with conductive fabric. The main critical parameters have been analyzed for each prototype including the sensitivity of the sensor, which is an important and specific parameter of this type of sensor. In addition, user validation has been performed, testing several gestures with different subjects. During the tests carried out, flick gestures obtained detection rates from 79% to 89% on average. Finally, in order to evaluate the stability and strength of the solutions, some tests have been performed to assess environmental variations and washability deteriorations. The obtained results are satisfactory regarding temperature and humidity variations. The washability tests revealed that, except for the screen-printing prototype, the sensors can be washed with minimum degradation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20082369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]],"date-time":"2020-04-23T02:10:52Z","timestamp":1587607852000},"page":"2369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Comparison of E-Textile Techniques and Materials for 3D Gesture Sensor with Boosted Electrode Design"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8084-6182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josue","family":"Ferri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Textile Research Institute (AITEX)-Alicante, 03801 Alcoy, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Llinares Llopis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Comunicaciones, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, 03801 Alcoy, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Textile Research Institute (AITEX)-Alicante, 03801 Alcoy, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3839-7878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Vicente","family":"Lidon Roger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigaci\u00f3n de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico (IDM), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia-Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9745-8485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Garcia-Breijo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigaci\u00f3n de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico (IDM), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia-Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"091301","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4742728","article-title":"Smart textiles: Challenges and opportunities","volume":"112","author":"Cherenack","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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