{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T02:39:36Z","timestamp":1771468776544,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010686","name":"H2020 European Institute of Innovation and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H2020-MSCA-ITN-2016 SECRET-722424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2020-MSCA-ITN-2016 SECRET-722424"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010686","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A new ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple-input\/multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system is proposed for future smartphones. The structure of the design comprises four identical pairs of compact microstrip-fed slot antennas with polarization diversity function that are placed symmetrically at different edge corners of the smartphone mainboard. Each antenna pair consists of an open-ended circular-ring slot radiator fed by two independently semi-arc-shaped microstrip-feeding lines exhibiting the polarization diversity characteristic. Therefore, in total, the proposed smartphone antenna design contains four horizontally-polarized and four vertically-polarized elements. The characteristics of the single-element dual-polarized UWB antenna and the proposed UWB-MIMO smartphone antenna are examined while using both experimental and simulated results. An impedance bandwidth of 2.5\u201310.2 GHz with 121% fractional bandwidth (FBW) is achieved for each element. However, for S11 \u2264 \u22126 dB, this value is more than 130% (2.2\u201311 GHz). The proposed UWB-MIMO smartphone antenna system offers good isolation, dual-polarized function, full radiation coverage, and sufficient efficiency. Besides, the calculated diversity performances of the design in terms of the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and total active reflection coefficient (TARC) are very low over the entire operating band.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20082371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]],"date-time":"2020-04-23T02:10:52Z","timestamp":1587607852000},"page":"2371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Ultra-Wideband Diversity MIMO Antenna System for Future Mobile Handsets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8375-0269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naser","family":"Ojaroudi Parchin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0914-1489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haleh","family":"Jahanbakhsh Basherlou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bradford College, West Yorkshire, Bradford BD7 1AY, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7859-3550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasir","family":"I. A. Al-Yasir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6618-0644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"M. Abdulkhaleq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK"},{"name":"SARAS Technology Limited, Leeds LS12 4NQ, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2972-9965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raed","family":"A. Abd-Alhameed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK"},{"name":"Department of Communication and Informatics Engineering, Basra University College of Science and Technology, Basra 61004, Iraq"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, Y., Guo, N., and Qiu, R.C. (2011). Towards a real-time UWB MIMO test bed for sensing and communications. Proc. IEEE Southeastcon., 59\u201363.","DOI":"10.1109\/SECON.2011.5752906"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Federal Communication Commission (2002). 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