{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T18:03:24Z","timestamp":1773511404043,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Technical foundation program (grant JSZL2017601C002) from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant Nos. 51675024 and 51811540406), Civil Aircraft Major Project (MJ-2018-D-26)","award":["JSZL2017601C002; 51675024; 51811540406; 6141B090314"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSZL2017601C002; 51675024; 51811540406; 6141B090314"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, a new damage feature, spectral area, was extracted to effectively detect crack location by studying the deformation mechanism of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) reflection spectra. In order to verify the robustness and reliability of spectral area to detect crack location, the following work was carried out: Firstly, the strain information was extracted by extended finite element method (XFEM) with fatigue crack propagation. The transmission matrix method (TMM) was used to simulate FBG reflection spectra using numerical results. Secondly, the fatigue crack growth monitoring experiment based on FBG sensors was carried out, and the digital image correlation (DIC) method was used to measure the strain values at the placement of FBG sensors with crack propagation. The temperature characteristic test of FBG was carried out to investigate the influence of temperature variation on the spectral area. The results presented that the spectral area was insensitive to temperature variation and experimental noise, and was greatly sensitive to the complex non-uniform strain field cause by crack damage. Moreover, compared with the 5 mm FBG sensor, the 10 mm FBG sensor showed a larger critical detection range for crack damage. Therefore, the spectral area can be used as a reliable damage feature to detect the crack location quantitatively based on the simulated and experimental results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20082375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]],"date-time":"2020-04-23T02:10:52Z","timestamp":1587607852000},"page":"2375","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Location Monitoring of Fatigue Crack Damage by Using the Spectral Area Extracted from FBG Spectra"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7330-5783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Aero-engine, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd., Haidian Dist., Beijing 100191, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6264-670X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"DianYin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd., Haidian Dist., Beijing 100191, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4673-9452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Reliability and Systems Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd., Haidian Dist., Beijing 100191, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7376-6977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Reliability and Systems Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd., Haidian Dist., Beijing 100191, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6222-278X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weifang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Reliability and Systems Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd., Haidian Dist., Beijing 100191, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s13320-012-0065-4","article-title":"Use of FBG sensors for SHM in aerospace structures","volume":"2","author":"Kahandawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Photonic Sens."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S1068-5200(02)00527-8","article-title":"Review of the present status of optical fiber sensors","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Opt. 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