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Conventionally, photoacoustic imaging systems utilize bulky and expensive class IV lasers, which is one of the key factors hindering the clinical translation of this promising modality. Use of LEDs which are portable and affordable offers a unique opportunity to accelerate the clinical translation of photoacoustics. In this paper, we first review the development history of LED as an illumination source in biomedical photoacoustic imaging. Key developments in this area, from point-source measurements to development of high-power LED arrays, are briefly discussed. Finally, we thoroughly review multiple phantom, ex-vivo, animal in-vivo, human in-vivo, and clinical pilot studies and demonstrate the unprecedented preclinical and clinical potential of LED-based photoacoustic imaging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20092484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]],"date-time":"2020-04-28T10:30:58Z","timestamp":1588069858000},"page":"2484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Towards Clinical Translation of LED-Based Photoacoustic Imaging: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yunhao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"},{"name":"Institution of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3621-5743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institution of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueding","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidan","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoto","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Division, CYBERDYNE INC, Tsukuba 3050818, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0597-7657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8670-6335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mithun","family":"Kuniyil Ajith Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Business Development Division, CYBERDYNE INC, 3013 Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1216210","article-title":"Photoacoustic tomography: in vivo imaging from organelles to organs","volume":"335 6075","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt839","article-title":"Noninvasive laser-induced photoacoustic tomography for structural and functional in vivo imaging of the brain","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. 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