{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T17:57:29Z","timestamp":1767981449172,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2533\/2-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2533\/2-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We present a fiber coupled transceiver head for terahertz (THz) time-domain reflection measurements. The monolithically integrated transceiver chip is based on iron (Fe) doped In0.53Ga0.47As (InGaAs:Fe) grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Due to its ultrashort electron lifetime and high mobility, InGaAs:Fe is very well suited as both THz emitter and receiver. A record THz bandwidth of 6.5 THz and a peak dynamic range of up to 75 dB are achieved. In addition, we present THz imaging in reflection geometry with a spatial resolution as good as 130 \u00b5m. Hence, this THz transceiver is a promising device for industrial THz sensing applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20092616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T14:00:43Z","timestamp":1588600843000},"page":"2616","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Fiber Coupled Transceiver with 6.5 THz Bandwidth for Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy in Reflection Geometry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4765-1954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert B.","family":"Kohlhaas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute, Einsteinufer 37, 10587 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Liebermeister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute, Einsteinufer 37, 10587 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Breuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute, Einsteinufer 37, 10587 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Amberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute, Einsteinufer 37, 10587 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"David de","family":"Felipe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute, Einsteinufer 37, 10587 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3203-186X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Nellen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute, Einsteinufer 37, 10587 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Schell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute, Einsteinufer 37, 10587 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Festk\u00f6rperphysik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Hardenbergstra\u00dfe 36, EW 5-1, 10623 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Globisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute, Einsteinufer 37, 10587 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Festk\u00f6rperphysik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Hardenbergstra\u00dfe 36, EW 5-1, 10623 Berlin, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2003.809693","article-title":"Measurement of the dielectric constant and loss tangent of high dielectric-constant materials at terahertz frequencies","volume":"51","author":"Bolivar","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merbold, H., Maas, D.J.H.C., and van Mechelen, J.L.M. (November, January 30). Multiparameter sensing of paper sheets using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy: Caliper, fiber orientation, moisture, and the role of spatial inhomogeneity. Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE SENSORS, Orlando, FL, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSENS.2016.7808683"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"513","article-title":"Terahertz dielectric properties of polymers","volume":"49","author":"Jin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Korean Phys. Soc."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.201000011","article-title":"Terahertz spectroscopy and imaging\u2014Modern techniques and applications","volume":"5","author":"Jepsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Laser Photon. Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"043001","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6463\/50\/4\/043001","article-title":"The 2017 terahertz science and technology roadmap","volume":"50","author":"Dhillon","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"021105","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4955407","article-title":"Highly accurate thickness measurement of multi-layered automotive paints using terahertz technology","volume":"109","author":"Krimi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1063\/1.95174","article-title":"Picosecond photoconducting Hertzian dipoles","volume":"45","author":"Auston","year":"1984","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.14.001128","article-title":"Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy of water vapor","volume":"14","author":"Fattinger","year":"1989","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3853","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.39.003853","article-title":"Stratified dispersive model for material characterization using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy","volume":"39","author":"Kuzmenko","year":"2014","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221103","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5095714","article-title":"Photoconductive terahertz detectors with 105 dB peak dynamic range made of rhodium doped InGaAs","volume":"114","author":"Kohlhaas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1007\/s10762-018-0471-9","article-title":"1550-nm Driven ErAs:In(Al)GaAs photoconductor-based terahertz time domain system with 6.5 THz bandwidth","volume":"39","author":"Nandi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Infrared Millim. Terahertz Waves"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"061103","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4817797","article-title":"64 \u03bcW pulsed terahertz emission from growth optimized InGaAs\/InAlAs heterostructures with separated photoconductive and trapping regions","volume":"103","author":"Dietz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19411","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.22.019411","article-title":"Influence and adjustment of carrier lifetimes in InGaAs\/InAlAs photoconductive pulsed terahertz detectors: 6 THz bandwidth and 90 dB dynamic range","volume":"22","author":"Dietz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5262","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.41.005262","article-title":"Fiber-coupled transceiver for terahertz reflection measurements with a 45 THz bandwidth","volume":"41","author":"Globisch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"053102","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4975039","article-title":"Iron doped InGaAs: Competitive THz emitters and detectors fabricated from the same photoconductor","volume":"121","author":"Globisch","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAB.13.002424","article-title":"Generation and detection of terahertz pulses from biased semiconductor antennas","volume":"13","author":"Jepsen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. B"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"051104","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1861495","article-title":"Fe-implanted InGaAs terahertz emitters for 1.56 \u03bcm wavelength excitation","volume":"86","author":"Suzuki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163504","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1901817","article-title":"Fe-implanted InGaAs photoconductive terahertz detectors triggered by 1.56 \u03bcm femtosecond optical pulses","volume":"86","author":"Suzuki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25911","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.19.025911","article-title":"THz generation at 1.55 \u00b5m excitation: Six-fold increase in THz conversion efficiency by separated photoconductive and trapping regions","volume":"9","author":"Dietz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172103","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4874804","article-title":"Carrier dynamics in Beryllium doped low-temperature-grown InGaAs\/InAlAs","volume":"104","author":"Globisch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2296","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.18.002296","article-title":"Next generation 1.5 \u03bcm terahertz antennas: Mesa-structuring of InGaAs\/InAlAs photoconductive layers","volume":"18","author":"Roehle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kohlhaas, R.B., Nellen, S., Liebermeister, L., Breuer, S., and Globisch, B. (2018, January 13\u201318). Monolithically Integrated THz Transceiver for 1550 nm Excitation. Proceedings of the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, San Jose, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1364\/CLEO_SI.2018.STu3D.5"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1049\/el:20083017","article-title":"Fibre-coupled terahertz transceiver head","volume":"44","author":"Krumbholz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Electron. Lett."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16841","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.22.016841","article-title":"Terahertz transceiver concept","volume":"22","author":"Busch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1007\/s10762-014-0085-9","article-title":"Terahertz-time domain spectrometer with 90 dB peak dynamic range","volume":"35","author":"Vieweg","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Infrared Millim. Terahertz Waves"},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Saleh, B.E.A., and Teich, M.C. (2007). Fundamentals of Photonics, John Wiley & sons. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2809","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.14.002809","article-title":"Measurement of the \u03bcm sized radius of Gaussian laser beam using the scanning knife-edge","volume":"14","author":"Suzaki","year":"1975","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/9\/2616\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:32:36Z","timestamp":1760362356000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/9\/2616"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["s20092616"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s20092616","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]]}}}