{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T22:12:07Z","timestamp":1785795127272,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011051","name":"Council on grants of the President of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MK-3421.2019.8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MK-3421.2019.8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"RFBR, DST, NSFC and NRF","award":["according to the research project 19-57-80006 BRICS_t."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["according to the research project 19-57-80006 BRICS_t."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The new theory and technique of Multi-Addressed Fiber Bragg Structure (MAFBS) usage in Microwave Photonics Sensor Systems (MPSS) is presented. This theory is the logical evolution of the theory of Addressed Fiber Bragg Structure (AFBS) usage as sensors in MPSS. The mathematical model of additive response from a single MAFBS is presented. The MAFBS is a special type of Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG), the reflection spectrum of which has three (or more) narrow notches. The frequencies of narrow notches are located in the infrared range of electromagnetic spectrum, while differences between them are located in the microwave frequency range. All cross-differences between optical frequencies of single MAFBS are called the address frequencies set. When the additive optical response from a single MAFBS, passed through an optic filter with an oblique amplitude\u2013frequency characteristic, is received on a photodetector, the complex electrical signal, which consists of all cross-frequency beatings of all optical frequencies, which are included in this optical signal, is taken at its output. This complex electrical signal at the photodetector\u2019s output contains enough information to determine the central frequency shift of the MAFBS. The method of address frequencies analysis with the microwave-photonic measuring conversion method, which allows us to define the central frequency shift of a single MAFBS, is discussed in the work.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20092693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T12:26:30Z","timestamp":1589199990000},"page":"2693","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Multi-Addressed Fiber Bragg Structures for Microwave-Photonic Sensor Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4779-4656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oleg","family":"Morozov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiophotonics and Microwave Technologies, Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI, 10, Karl Marx st., 420111 Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0713-7806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Airat","family":"Sakhabutdinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiophotonics and Microwave Technologies, Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI, 10, Karl Marx st., 420111 Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Anfinogentov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Special Mathematics, Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI, 10, Karl Marx st., 420111 Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rinat","family":"Misbakhov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Center \u201cComputer Modeling and Engineering in the Field of Energy and Power Engineering\u201d, Kazan State Power Engineering University, 51, Krasnoselskaya st., 420066 Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Artem","family":"Kuznetsov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiophotonics and Microwave Technologies, Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI, 10, Karl Marx st., 420111 Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timur","family":"Agliullin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiophotonics and Microwave Technologies, Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI, 10, Karl Marx st., 420111 Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1088\/0964-1726\/1\/1\/006","article-title":"Wavelength demodulated Bragg grating fiber optic sensing systems for addressing smart structure critical issues","volume":"1","author":"Melle","year":"1992","journal-title":"Smart Mater. Struct."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1117\/12.184861","article-title":"Structural strain mapping using a wavelength\/time division addressed fiber Bragg grating array","volume":"2361","author":"Davis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. 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