{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T14:51:21Z","timestamp":1769007081274,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Central Innovation Program for small and medium-sized enterprises of the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (ZIM)","award":["ZF4315806WM7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZF4315806WM7"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Usage of commercially available electrochemical gas sensors is currently limited by both the working range of the sensor with respect to temperature and humidity and the spikes in sensor response caused by sudden changes in temperature or humidity. Using a thermostatically controlled chamber, the sensor response of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide sensors was studied under extreme, rapidly changing levels of humidity with the aim of analyzing nebulized water samples. To protect the sensors from damage, the gas stream was alternated between a saturated gas stream from a Flow Blurring\u00ae nebulizer and a dry air stream. When switching between high and low humidity gas streams, the expected current spike was observed and mathematically described. Using this mathematical model, the signal response due to the change in humidity could be subtracted from the measured signal and the sensor response to the target molecule recorded. As the sensor response is determined by the model while the sensor is acclimatizing to the new humid conditions, a result is calculated faster than that by systems that rely on stable humidity. The use of the proposed mathematical model thus widens the scope of electrochemical gas sensors to include saturated gas streams, for example, from nebulized water samples, and gas streams with variable humidity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20102814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T10:53:59Z","timestamp":1589540039000},"page":"2814","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Application of Low-Cost Electrochemical Sensors to Aqueous Systems to Allow Automated Determination of NH3 and H2S in Water"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7124-8378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malcolm","family":"C\u00e4mmerer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UFZ\u2014Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Department Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Permoserstra\u00dfe 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UFZ\u2014Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Department Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Permoserstra\u00dfe 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7350-2501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefanie","family":"Penzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Leipzig University of Applied Science, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 134, D-04277 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Rudolph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Leipzig University of Applied Science, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 134, D-04277 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7959-7046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helko","family":"Borsdorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UFZ\u2014Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Department Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Permoserstra\u00dfe 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1039\/C5FD00201J","article-title":"Evaluating the performance of low cost chemical sensors for air pollution research","volume":"189","author":"Lewis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Faraday Discuss."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.11.060","article-title":"The use of electrochemical sensors for monitoring urban air quality in low-cost, high-density networks","volume":"70","author":"Mead","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. 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