{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T11:09:28Z","timestamp":1767006568137,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]],"date-time":"2020-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2019YFB1803700, 2018YFB0703500, 2018YFB0504400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFB1803700, 2018YFB0703500, 2018YFB0504400"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["11774181, 61775107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11774181, 61775107"]}]},{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Nankai University","award":["63191511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["63191511"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we propose an Si3N4\/SiO2 horizontal-slot-waveguide-based polarization beam splitter (PBS) with low nonlinearity for on-chip high-power systems. The coupling length ratio between the quasi-TE and quasi-TM modes (LTE\/LTM) was optimized to 2 for an efficient polarization splitting. For the single-slot design, the coupling length of the PBS was 281.5 \u03bcm, while the extinction ratios (ER) of the quasi-TM and quasi-TE modes were 23.9 dB and 20.8 dB, respectively. Compared to PBS based on the Si3N4 strip waveguide, the coupling length became 22.6% shorter. The proposed PBSs also had a relatively good fabrication tolerance for an ER of &gt;20 dB. For the multi-slot design, the coupling length of the PBS was 290.3 \u03bcm, while the corresponding ER of the two polarizations were 24.0 dB and 21.0 dB, respectively. Furthermore, we investigated the tradeoff between the ER and coupling length for the optimized PBSs with single slot or multiple slots.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20102862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]],"date-time":"2020-05-18T11:34:14Z","timestamp":1589801654000},"page":"2862","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Polarization Beam Splitter Based on Si3N4\/SiO2 Horizontal Slot Waveguides for On-Chip High-Power Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1736-484X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuxi","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changjing","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhonghan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yange","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongxiong","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2325-2254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongqi","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2011.68","article-title":"Silicon photonics: Energy-efficient communication","volume":"5","author":"Asghari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. 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