{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T23:52:43Z","timestamp":1783036363656,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Autonomous wheelchairs are important tools to enhance the mobility of people with disabilities. Advances in computer and wireless communication technologies have contributed to the provision of smart wheelchairs to suit the needs of the disabled person. This research paper presents the design and implementation of a voice controlled electric wheelchair. This design is based on voice recognition algorithms to classify the required commands to drive the wheelchair. An adaptive neuro-fuzzy controller has been used to generate the required real-time control signals for actuating motors of the wheelchair. This controller depends on real data received from obstacle avoidance sensors and a voice recognition classifier. The wheelchair is considered as a node in a wireless sensor network in order to track the position of the wheelchair and for supervisory control. The simulated and running experiments demonstrate that, by combining the concepts of soft-computing and mechatronics, the implemented wheelchair has become more sophisticated and gives people more mobility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20102872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T02:48:24Z","timestamp":1589942904000},"page":"2872","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Wheelchair Neuro Fuzzy Control and Tracking System Based on Voice Recognition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Mokhles M.","family":"Abdulghani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering &amp; Technology, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7228-9921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kasim M.","family":"Al-Aubidy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering &amp; Technology, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed M.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering &amp; Technology, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qadri J.","family":"Hamarsheh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering &amp; Technology, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"820","article-title":"Smartphone and Wheelchair Control for Bedridden and Semi-Paralyzed People using Brain-Control Interface (BCI)","volume":"4","author":"Sairam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Res. Ideas Innov. Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zemliak, A. (2008). Development of a Human-Friendly Omnidirectional Wheelchair with Safety, Comfort and Operability Using a Smart Interface. Frontiers in Robotics, Automation and Control, Intechopen.com. Chapter 13.","DOI":"10.5772\/82"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Abdulghani, M.M., and Al-Aubidy, K.M. (2019, January 7\u201310). Wheelchair Neuro Fuzzy Control Using Brain Computer Interface. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on the Developments in Esystems Engineering \u201cDeSE2019\u201d, Kazan, Russia."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"940","article-title":"Voice Controlled Wheelchair for Physically Disabled Person","volume":"6","author":"Bramhe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Res. Electr. Electron. Instrum. Eng."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"411","article-title":"Voice Controlled Wheel Chair System","volume":"6","author":"Malik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Sci. Mob. Comput."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"140","article-title":"Voice Operated Wheelchair for Physically Challenged","volume":"2","author":"Reshma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Res. Eng. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rojas, M., Ponce, P., and Molina, A. (2018). A fuzzy logic navigation controller implemented in hardware for an electric wheelchair. Int. J. Adv. Robot. Syst., 1\u201312.","DOI":"10.1177\/1729881418755768"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.3844\/jcssp.2007.274.280","article-title":"Intelligent Voice-Based Door Access Control System Using Adaptive-Network-based Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) for Building Security","volume":"3","author":"Wahyudi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00710857","article-title":"Wheelchair for Physically Disabled People with Voice Ultrasonic and Infrared Sensor Control","volume":"2","author":"Mazo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Auton. Robot."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, X., Zhang, Y., Luo, Y., and Chen, D. (2013). Robust Bio-Signal Based Control of an Intelligent Wheelchair. Robotics, 187\u2013197.","DOI":"10.3390\/robotics2040187"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, E.Y. (2016). Wheelchair Navigation System for Disabled and Elderly People. Sensors, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/s16111806"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2298\/JAC1001001G","article-title":"Neural Network used for Speech Recognition","volume":"20","author":"Geuaert","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Autom. Control"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Rani, P., Kakkar, S., and Rani, S. (2015, January 11\u201313). Speech Recognition using Neural Network. Proceedings of the International Conference on Advancement in Engineering and Technology, ICAET 2015, Incheon, Korea."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/10\/2872\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:30:10Z","timestamp":1760175010000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/10\/2872"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["s20102872"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s20102872","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]}}}